Drug Abuse In America Essays - Anabolic Steroids,

Drug Abuse In America Dangers of Anabolic Steroids In the past three decades, steroids has been becoming a serious problem more than ever in the athletic field. Steroids are anabolic drug to build growth hormones that include the androgens (male sex hormones) principally testosterone and estrogen and progestogens (female sex hormones). Steroids were first developed for medical purposes. They're used in controlling inflammation, strengthening weakened hearts, preventing conception, and alleviating symptoms of arthritis and asthma. Unfortunately research has shown that steroids have been abused in almost every kind of sport. Although steroids contribute to a muscular body, usage should remain illegal because they physically deteriorate and mentally destroy the body. Many people are fascinated about steroids because of their ability to build up the body. Whether taken by injection or the pill it increases strength and endurance. Steroids also help in the healing process of muscular tissue by first injuring them, then the muscles heal quicker adding more fiber increasing their bulk. Many athletes turn to steroids more often because they're cheaper then marijuana or cocaine. A ten week cycle of testosterone cypinate and methandrostone costs only about one hundred dollars. Steroids are also very hard to trace because of their water base composition. They can pass through the body within two days. All these benefits of steroids help an athletes become more competitive and increase their chance of being a winner. Of course everybody wants better biceps and triceps but when using steroids to achieve this goal there is a large price to pay. However, steroids should remain illegal because they physically deteriorate the whole body system. When injected one risks the chances of developing hematoma and contracting AIDS. In women steroids contribute to the growth of facial hair, enlargements of the clitoris, shrinkage of the uterus, sterility, deepening of the voice, decrease in breast size and irregularity of the menstrual cycle. In men steroids cause shrinkage of the testicles, decrease in sperm count, sterility, impotence, prostate enlargement and growth of female breast. In both men and women hair loss, liver ailments, acne, atherosierosis and cancer are very common. This dangerous drug shortens the life span up to twenty years and increases the chance of obtaining diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. The side effects and reactions from enduring anabolic steroids are endless. Along with the physical problems there are also mental reactions associated with the usage of steroids. This drug becomes very addictive and damaging to the mind. It causes violent episodes which an athlete can claim a legal insanity defense to it. They get so wrapped up psychologically that the negative effects doesn't matter to them. Research has also discovered that steroids cause psychotic side effects sometimes referred to as roid mania. Along with these are wild aggressive, combative behavior, depression, listlessness and delusions during and after performance. Even though the game is over athletes want to continue competing. Steroids mentally destroy the brain and ability to reason. Overall the usage of steroids is very damaging to the human body. Even though it physically builds up the body for better performance the risks of use are enormous. Steroids physically deteriorate and mentally destroy the body. The usage of steroids provides an unfair advantage to non-user athletes and therefore should remain illegal for non-medical use. Social Issues Essays

A Jury of Her Peers Speaks Volumes Above Trifles

A Jury of Her Peers Speaks Volumes Above Trifles Free Online Research Papers â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Speaks Volumes Above â€Å"Trifles† While Susan Glaspell’s drama â€Å"Trifles† uses actors to vocalize the many emotions of the story of the investigation of Minnie Wright, her short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† makes the emotions very clear without making a sound. Susan Glaspell’s short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† makes the reader feel the emotions evoked by Minnie Wright’s story much deeper than her drama version of the same story, â€Å"Trifles†. Glaspell uses basically the same dialogue and action in both works but she is able to elicit much stronger feelings in her short story by including descriptive passages to accompany the dialogue in her narration. These passages evoke intense feelings from the characters and introduce new emotions. The introduction of new feelings gives the story a more passionate impact on the reader and more emotional depth. The emotional depth of â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† allows the characters sentiments to be felt by the reader more easily than the sentiments conveyed by the drama â€Å"Trifles†. The intensity and range of emotions created by Glaspell’s use of narration makes the emotional impact of â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† grea ter than that of â€Å"Trifles†. In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† and â€Å"Trifles†, the characters’ emotions are not only stated in the dialogue but are also expressed through their actions. The narration in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† makes these emotions more vivid by exaggerating the characters’ actions which places more emphasis on the feelings that provoked the action. In â€Å"Trifles†, the passage â€Å"We don’t know who killed him. We don’t know.† is delivered by Mrs. Peters â€Å"With rising voice† (Speech 130). But in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†, Glaspell has Mrs. Peters whisper the same passage â€Å"wildly† as if she is frantic to believe Minnie is innocent (182). Both passages use the same words, but the passage from â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† has a stronger emotional impact simply because of the exaggerated expression of Mrs. Peters in the descriptive narration of the story. The use of exaggerated actions makes the emotions of characters such as Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale seem more real to the reader and prompts the reader to experience exact emotions. Glaspell introduces precise wording into her short story version to bring out specific feelings from her characters. In â€Å"Trifles†, Minnie’s skirt is scrutinized by Mrs. Hale while in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Mrs. Hale handles Minnie’s â€Å"shabby black skirt† with â€Å"carefulness† (Glaspell 178). By introducing more descriptive text, Glaspell makes Mrs. Hale’s compassion for Minnie evident to the reader. Glaspell’s new descriptive text in her short story empowers the characters with a broader range of emotions and this entices the reader to relate with the characters on a more personal level. As well as giving more impact to the characters emotions and introducing some new sentiments, Glaspell also uses new passages of text to describe the setting of the story. New passages of text included in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† allow Glaspell to have more emotional impact on the reader by describing the setting of the story for the reader. In â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†, the setting of the story is established by Glaspell before the characters ever enter the farmhouse. Glaspell’s initial description of the farmhouse is described with Mrs. Hale’s thought â€Å"it looked very lonesome† as the party of characters approach the house (â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†, 172). This foreshadows the loneliness of Minnie’s existence. In â€Å"Trifles†, Glaspell describes the setting as an â€Å"abandoned farmhouse of John Wright, a gloomy kitchen† at the beginning of the play (1291). While this does tell the reader something abo ut the setting, it does not evoke emotion as well as the narration in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†. The fact that Glaspell describes the setting well enough for the reader to envision the scene in his mind gives her short story version the ability to leave a more poignant impression on the reader. This ability makes â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† more successful at conveying the emotions of the characters and the reasons for the characters actions to the reader than â€Å"Trifles†. While Susan Glaspell’s drama â€Å"Trifles† is a great work of drama, her short story â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† leaves the reader with a greater degree of emotional involvement. Her use of description and narration brings the characters emotions and actions to life in the reader’s imagination. The use of precise wording in the text elicits from the reader specific emotions that are conveyed by the characters and settings. Glaspell’s use of basically the same dialogue and setting in both works makes the story familiar to the reader, but the emotions of the characters are explored more fully by the author in â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers†. Glaspell’s exploration of the character’s emotions and actions and the setting of the story is highly effective at impacting the reader more fully in the short story version. This effectiveness gives â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† the advantage of greater emotional impact than its predecesso r â€Å"Trifles†. Roberts, Edgar V. and Henry E. Jacobs, eds. Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2007. Glaspell, Susan. â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers.† Roberts and Jacobs 172-84. . â€Å"Trifles.† Roberts and Jacobs 1291-1300. Research Papers on â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers† Speaks Volumes Above â€Å"Trifles†Mind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionTrailblazing by Eric AndersonComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayThe Fifth HorsemanThree Concepts of PsychodynamicBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Hamiltons Views on Judicial Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hamiltons Views on Judicial Power - Essay Example The concept is enshrined in the constitution of the United States and in the various states that expressly forbids each branch of government to usurp the power of any other branch. Hamilton gives the anxiety of their time that because the legislature holds the purse strings and the executive the sword of society, the impartiality of the courts can be undermined, that it is the weakest branch of government with neither will nor force to enforce its judgement. Considering the fact that the the constitution provides for certain limitations which the legislature is proscribed from enacting such as bill of attainder, ex-post facto law, the question arosed on how the courts may declare such unconstitutional law null and void with impartiality and justice. Hamilton rationalized that the two non-judicial branches must not take offense for the declaration of their acts as unconstitutional as one of interference because the court is only declaring the letter of the constitution and did not do so as one superior to them, that the act does not constitute a substitution of their will or pleasure. The constitution, in order to assure the independence of judges, declares their tenure of service as permanent based pm good behavior. The periodic appointment of judges would likely indebt them to either executive or legislative branch responsible for their appointment. The independence of the judiciary is essential to the enforcement of the constitution because it is an aspect, like that of separation of powers, of the concept of "checks and balance" and ultimately of governance. Judicial independence is not only a normative ideal but an institutional virtue as well. And in the said virtue and ideal lies the capacity of the courts to protect individual rights, to police the structural limits of governmental power and to decide individual disputes based on the applicable law and the factual records of each case without regard to intimidation or other impermissible influences, if any. Judge Learned Hand (1958) urged caution in the exercise of judicial power. He considered the source and nature of the power of judicial constitutional review as necessary to prevent the failure of the government created by the constitution. He also proposed judicial restraint, saying that the power should be "confined to the need that evoked it" meaning, as a check on the usurpation of power by the other branches. For him the judiciary plays the necessary role in maintaining a government "between absolutism and the kind of democracy that so often prevailed in Greek cities during the sixth to fourth centuries before our era." Like Hamilton and Montesquieu, Hand believes that no single branch should have absolute power, especially not the judiciary. Modern thinkers (Shane, 1998) proffer that the paradigm of judicial restraint may often be misleading, unhelpful and even counter-productive. They propose another paradigm, that of "inter-branch accountability." They admit that "every branch has the power to make life more difficult for

Hatshepsut Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hatshepsut - Research Paper Example III. Analysis of Hatshepsut A. The World Scene 1. Hatshepsut ruled Egypt for about twenty-two years from 1479 to 1458 B.C 2. Hatshepsut faced problems related to gender discrimination in leadership positions, and typical feminine representations. 3. Several factors around Hatshepsut facilitated her reign and success as an Egyptian pharaoh, such as the death of Thomose I, absence of appropriate successor, and Egypt’s wealth as well as peace. B. Actions of Hatshepsut 1. Hatshepsut is renowned as a prolific builder because of her spectacular Egyptian monuments and temples featured in ancient Egyptian history. 2. Hatshepsut attained significant achievements in trade and military expeditions. C. Impact of Hatshepsut 1. Hatshepsut provides an affirmative perspective on women leadership 2. Hatshepsut revealed the need for women to stand against discriminative policies and rules. 3. Hatshepsut’s made exceptional contributions to politics 4. Hatshepsut made contributions in arch itectural designs through her creative concepts embedded in monuments as well as temples. IV. Conclusion A. Hatshepsut was an influential leader whose actions and decisions affect the history of the world, especially Egypt. B. Historical figures make great history Hatshepsut’s Historical Contributions Introduction Historical figures are significant contributors of world History. The apparition of their intellect, exquisiteness of their art, their divine inspiration as well as leadership prowess results to enhancement of the world’s history. Some historians argue that societal, economic, and technological aspects are more imperative to history compared to individuals’ actions and decisions. However, historical figures or great men are credited for various essential developments in the past that significantly feature in contemporary recorded history. This paper will analyze Hatshepsut’s contributions during her reign as an Egyptian pharaoh with respect to t he Great Man theory by Thomas Carlyle, and it will also attempt to reveal the importance of historical figures’ actions and decisions in history. Analysis of Hatshepsut Background Hatshepsut was Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose’s eldest daughter, wife to Thutmose II, mother to Neferure. Hatshepsut was one of the renowned, triumphant pharaohs as well as famous female-ruler in history, whose time in power superseded those of other women in the native Egyptian dynasty. The name Hatshepsut refers to the â€Å"most noble of noble ladies† signifying her unprecedented power attainment among ancient Egyptian women, and eventual crowning as pharaoh during the eighteenth dynasty. Hatshepsut initially acted as a co-regent to her stepson; Thutmose III, but she became pharaoh after about seven years. This marked Hatshepsut’s desertion of Queen’s roles as well as titles with the commencement of her reign as a female and conventional pharaoh. Hatshepsut reputation as a remarkable pharaoh is associated with various outstanding activities that took place during her reign. These included her participation in trade as well as armies expeditions, construction of some of the greatest Egyptian monuments, and acquisition of male roles in her leadership as pharaoh. Furthermore, Hatshepsut remained in power as pharaoh for twenty-two years before the reign of her successor, Thutmose III (Hill 3). The World Scene Hatshepsut ruled Egypt for about

Rising to the Call with Sound Political Leadership Research Paper

Rising to the Call with Sound Political Leadership - Research Paper Example Through wise decisions, meaningful and sincere rhetoric, and the ability to assert his authority as needed, President Abraham Lincoln was an example of a true leader within the American political landscape. Leadership in the political arena requires a certain amount of detachment from sentimentality so that decision making can be done without the burdens of emotions that will cause too long of hesitation in action. This doesn’t mean that emotions are not present, but that they can be controlled in order to act within a larger framework of the greater good. Vivian Holliday, professor of history from the College of Wooster, discusses the nature of leadership as it is presented through both Machiavelli and Socratic/Platonic principles. She states that: Machiavelli is the principal founder of a ‘realist’ theory of leadership that portrays politics as a pure struggle for power in which all moral considerations are set aside, and that focuses the theory and practice of leadership on success as measured solely in terms of the acquisition and maintenance of power and the protection and promotion of the interests of the nation-state or some other political collectivity† (Holliday 51). ... Holliday also includes in her discussion the more idealistic Socratic/Platonic concept of political leadership suggesting that it should be tempered with the Machiavellian concepts. Through this interpretation of political leadership, the leader is integrally connected to followers and to morals, his or her platform, and idealism defining a virtue with which he or she leads. Holliday states that â€Å"The rhetorical strategy of this image of the ideal philosopher-leader is again most visible when we consider critically the image of new leadership that is vested with Socratic/Platonic knowledge and virtue and that leads through dialogue and education† (63). This also suggests that beyond the connectivity to followers and morals, a good leader uses communication and academically founded intelligent consideration in leading his people through whatever conflict that arises.

Analysis Of Sabmillers Direction Commerce Essay

Analysis Of Sabmillers Direction Commerce Essay Over the past century, the worlds demand for beer increased significantly due to economic growth. Meanwhile, the following competitive pressure and challenges the breweries facing are becoming the big challenge in developing markets. SABMiller has already become one of the worlds leading brewers with more than 200 beer brands and some 70,000 employees in over 75 countries. However, it still faced both opportunities and threats. It may needs to reconsider the positions and establish competitive advantages accordingly. 1. Analysis of SABMillers direction SABMillers strategic priorities (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) showed that higher market share and greater influence of brand portfolios extension are the most important directions of SABMillers strategies. It can be presented by the following contents. 1.1 Direction of strategy chosen According to the introduction of Johnson (2011), Ansoffs matrix of corporate strategy directions can display SABMillers strategic direction. Ansoff (1988) provides four zones, which is market penetration, new products and services, market development and conglomerate diversification, being used in existing and new market with existing and new products and service, respectively. SABMillers direction mainly included the B zone and C zone. B zone means developing new products for its existing markets, as SABMiller acquired amount of premium and local brands to make new and strong brand portfolios in Europe and America market. C zone shows bringing existing products into new market. As it can be seen in SABMillers 2000 report, SAB caught the opportunities to create a profitable and fast-expanding business in undeveloped world through providing high quality beer and taking a share with local partners.(As shown in Figure 1) Page 1 of 10 Figure 1 corporate strategy directions Products/services Existing New A. Market penetration B. New products and services C. Market development D. Conglomerate diversification Existing Market New Source: Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, (2011) Overall, the directions of strategy are around the different markets and brand portfolios. SABMiller used the right decision to create new profits and consolidate their position in the world market. 1.2 Means of growth The growth of SABMiller over the time period concentrated on the key of MA (merger and acquisition) and strategic alliance, according to the different markets and consumers. In the developed world, in order to catering to the increasing high-end market and consumers, SABMiller set out the strong, relevant brand portfolios in the local market. Affluent consumers were varying their choices and becoming more interested in speciality brands, craft beers and foreign imports. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) In the less developed world, SABMiller improved market share with taking a share in a brewery with local partners, remaining the brand which has been acquired and providing high-quality beer in proper price. Therefore, SABMiller tried its best to control the fragmentation absolutely. The main method it carried out are: Page 2 of 101. Alliance. Joint venture is cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, loss, and control in the specific of enterprise. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) Such as SABMiller formed a joint venture with Chinese Snow Breweries to enrich its portfolio so that it can enter the Chinese brewery market. (The Business Journal, 2006) 2. Acquisition. One firm takes over the ownership of another. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) For example, SABMiller has already controlled 99 percent of the market in South Africa (Economist 2005) and the acquisition of the Forsters business and Miller. (Economist, 2011) 3. Merger. The combination of two previously separates organizations, typically as more or less equal partners. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) For instance, SABMiller and Molson Coors, the nations No. 2 and No. 3 brewers, merge their operations in the United States and Puerto Rico.(The New York Times, 2007) 1.3 Strategic rationale The initial rationale surrounding acquisition was that the deal would enhance SABMiller market share in the beer market. SABMillers motivation in the deal was to exploit the potential of the brand extensions in international markets, both in native, established areas (south Africa, Europe and America), as well as in burgeoning emerging markets. However, the company envisioned significant additional potential for the acquired brand across the world, where the premium segment was and is still in its infancy as the emerging market in mid-1990s. Europe, the traditional central market of the beer industry, has recovered from turning off beer through the off-trade from 2000 to 2010. A good deal of this increasing demand for premium products is being satisfied by the import from overseas apparently. (As shown in Table 1) Table 1: Imports of beer by country country Imports 2002(%) Imports 2008(%) United Kingdom Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Italy 10.9 4.74 2.6 2.3 23 3.1 27.2 17.7 12.8 10.5 10.1 31.4 7.6 33.5 Source: Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, (2011) Page 3 of 10SABMiller found the upward tendency and responded by buying Dutch specialist Grolsch in 2007. (Ewing, 2007) This acquisition of Grolsch not only replaced Amstel in the South African portfolios, but also filled a large gap in SABMillers international brand portfolios. The strategies SABMiller used make sense that their overall strength were consolidated and made profit from its financial report. 2. SABMillers industry competitive For the industry situation, it is necessary for SABMiller to analyse its competitive advantages as well as the core resource and competence. 2.1 Competitive advantages According to the theory of Porters generic strategies (1985), cost leadership strategy means the companys cost is the lowest in the industry and hence get much higher profit compared to competitors from the market price. Differentiation strategy means the companys product or service is not available from its competitors. The company can set a much higher price for its uniqueness and cover its higher costs. Focus strategy includes cost focus and differentiation focus. Both of which target a narrow segment market and try to meet their specific needs respectively. (As shown in Figure 2) The strategy adopted by SABMiller is differentiation focus strategy, which could be observed from the first characteristic. Figure 2: Porters Generic Strategies Target segment 1 Cost leadership 2 Differentiation 3a Cost focus 3b Differentiation Focus Broad target Narrow target Low High Cost Page 4 of 10Source: adapt from Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, (2011) Firstly, it is no doubt that developing the local and international brands or brand Page 5 of 10 Page 4 of 10 Page 4 of 10 Page of 10 Page 4 of 10portfolios that are the first choice of consumers so that they can create more attractive value is the one of the four priorities (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) in different markets. It means that the superior products provided by SABMiller are allowed to give a higher price than rivals. This is apparently in accordance with the definition of the differentiation advantage. Based on this, it is SABMillers competitive advantage that to own and nurture those attractive local and global brand portfolios that made more profits for it. Secondly, cost (related to cost leadership) and geographic advantage of SABMiller are in favor of its development. Acquisition and Alliance around the world have already help SABMiller to acquire numbers of factories and facilities and exploit the market so that it can cut down the investment on those projects in other countries. (Schoenberg, 2005) Thirdly, SABMiller succeeds because it attracts, develop and reward employees who have the passion to make a significant contribution to the continued growth of its business. Norman Adami, previously head of its South Africa Beer business, was appointed as Head of Miller, helped Miller to avoid exposing weakness and exploiting its strength. (SABMiller, 2012) 2.2 Management of threshold Threshold capabilities are those needed for an organization to meet the necessary requirements to compete in a given market and achieve parity with competitors in that market. (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) The beer industry is easy to enter and the competition in this industry is also cut-throat. The threshold resources are required to meet minimum customers requirements and the capabilities deployed resources so as to meet customers requirements and support particular strategies. SABMiller improved the threshold through a series of acquisition and owned amount of resources and competences to proceed the next strategic step such as consolidation and extension of different levels of markets. For instance, the SABMiller has the plenty of funds to acquisition the company which have the rest value for it to use. 2.3 Core resource and competence There are two components of strategic capability: resources and competences. Resources are the assets that organisations have or can call upon. Competences are the ways those assets are used or deployed effectively. Table 2 shows the SABMillers resources and competences Table 2 Components of strategic capability Strategic capability Resources Categories Competences Wide range of brand portfolios Factories with super equipment Experience and operating practices Physical Diversification of products Improving the market share in geographically Being Familiar with the operating in this industry Plenty of funds to support acquisition Financial Giving the access into the world market more confidentially Well trained staffs experienced managers Human high efficiency influence of decision Source: Adapt from (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) The physical resources are basic for producers. According to the different markets and sales experience, SABMiller launched the famous brand portfolios by acquiring and alliance to account for a space in the industry. SABMiller has the strong funds support from its shareholders. By contrast to 2007, the investment in subsidiaries went up to 13,429 in March 2008. In addition, the performance of SABMiller was also great. The increasing of both revenue and profit before tax was over 16% from 2007 to 2008. (SABMiller, 2012) Page 6 of 10In terms of the human resource, excellent staffs and management acquired a significant boost in effectiveness. Especially, a decision maker who has the political courage and strong judiciary has the important impact on company as the Norman Adami, who is the key leader in management of Miller. 3. Strategic position and option SABMiller still has some disadvantages at present. According to the analysis above and the position of SABMiller in the industry, options are analysed before recommendation. 3.1 Consideration of the strategic option At the end of the case the SAB Mill faced how the group could continue to sustain its historical growth rate and performance going forward. Meanwhile, global competitors have already fought vigorously for market share. Even there are comments about AB I nBev will have a bid for SABMiller. (Lucas, 2011) The tendency was really against the development of SABMiller. At the same time, its brand development and capital control and utilization problems should be resolved. With the beer industry consolidated rapidly, SABMiller should take into account some aspects as following: 1. Cost of acquisition and alliances The business of SABMiller is internationalisation. SABMiller made the use of assets which are acquired by acquisition and alliance in both developed and undeveloped countries. SABMiller needed to occupy the premium beer market and keep the growing sales volumes to make more profits. Therefore, financial support played a key role in the series of measures. When SABMiller would be able to recover the investments and the cost of operating capital had to be considered carefully. 2. Market modification In the future world market, the ABI will be concentrated on USA, which is one of the most important traditional markets. Plus, Heineken and Carlsberg were invested heavily in Africa and Russia, respectively. Meanwhile Japanese brewers are developing very rapidly in emerging Asia market. The more new brewers come into the industry, the fiercer competition will be among them. Therefore, the SABMiller should pay more attention to keep up with the market changing and take measures quickly. It needs to consolidate the original position in constant areas and permeate gradually through the emerging market. Page 7 of 10 3.2. Strategic position In 2012, SABMiller is operating in a complex political, economic, social and technological world. To evaluate the strategic position of SABMiller and give the recommendation, it is better to analyse macro-environment, through which, the critical environmental factors can be identified. This could be done by Table 3 analysis, which provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies. Table 3: PESTEL analysis Political Sensitivity of government Domestic protection policy Economic Exchange risk The growth of demand Ingredient price Consolidation in the industry Social Lifestyle change (more entertainment party and club) Disease influence Technological New product Brand portfolio Environment The climate issues (lead to the lack of water) Legal Due to the local law, takeover attempts may generate problems Source: adapt from (Johnson, Whittington, Scholes, 2011) Through PESTEL analysis(Tomas,2007), it is obvious that the tougher political and legal factors combined with stricter environmental regulations give the SABMiller some challenges in the process of reducing operational cost, although theres some help provide by the technological factors. In addition, the unpredictable exchange risk (soft currency) and climate issues (water risk) make the challenges scale extended. In another side, the social lifestyle change in premium market gives the SABMiller a chance to compete with other competitors in the aspect of sale volumes. 3.3 Strategic pursuit Through the analysis above, we can use SWOT (Jacob, Shepherd, Johnson, 1998) to conclude the whole situation of SABMiller: Page 8 of 10 1. Strengths: The competitive advantages, core resources and competence are the most important parts of SABMiller that include local and international brands and super equipments. 2. Weakness: SABMiller needs to control the financial management better rather than overusing them to purchasing power to force down ingredient prices. 3. Opportunities: With the development of economics, the consumption level of individuals is rising rapidly so that the market outlook is becoming more and more prospective. 4. Threats: In this industry, marketing competition is fierce and cruel. Especially, the key competitor, ABInbev, which is the largest brewery in the world, has the stronger power than SABMiller. SABMiller has to exploit its advantages and control the weakness. The first step before expansion is to maintain the current scale of the business. The investors benefits should be ensured so that it can acquire support from them. What is more, SABMiller should try its best to keep the market share, the quality and quantity of products and service. In addition, the financial management is another factor which is difficult to control such as exchanged rate and currency liquidity. Even though expending world market is really efficient, it has to keep the position within the industry urgently. Conclusion SABMiller is a company which developed through the acquisition of other businesses, meanwhile, to achieve such performance is not easy in a short period of time. In the case of the intensity of rivalry in the beer industry, it still needs strong and effective strategic decisions for future target plans. Through this analysis, SABMiller groundbreaking own brand positioning and operations of the acquired businesses as well as cash flow management. Page 9 of 10

Personal Narrative: Goodbye My Best Friend Essay -- essays research pa

Goodbye It is amazing how many things we take for granted. We make plans for the day, and don't think twice about how those plans can be taken away in the blink of an eye. I never thought much about it myself, until I was faced with the shock, and undeniable truth of my cousin's death. I don't think anyone really thinks about tragedy until they are actually faced with shocking news. It was a bright and warm summer morning when I woke from a good night sleep. Nothing prepared me for the dark, gloomy and sad day ahead of me. You see, this was the day that my cousin and childhood best friend passed away in an auto accident. Bright, intelligent, loving and caring 16 year old, these are words to describe her but let me to you how I seen her. From as early as I can remember her and I we... Personal Narrative: Goodbye My Best Friend Essay -- essays research pa Goodbye It is amazing how many things we take for granted. We make plans for the day, and don't think twice about how those plans can be taken away in the blink of an eye. I never thought much about it myself, until I was faced with the shock, and undeniable truth of my cousin's death. I don't think anyone really thinks about tragedy until they are actually faced with shocking news. It was a bright and warm summer morning when I woke from a good night sleep. Nothing prepared me for the dark, gloomy and sad day ahead of me. You see, this was the day that my cousin and childhood best friend passed away in an auto accident. Bright, intelligent, loving and caring 16 year old, these are words to describe her but let me to you how I seen her. From as early as I can remember her and I we...

Dynamic Programming Essay

Dynamic Programming is a mathematical technique dealing with the optimization of multistage decision processes. In this technique, decisions regarding a certain problem are typically optimized in stages rather than simultaneously. This generally signifies that the original decision problem is divided into small sub-problem (stages) which can then be handled more efficiently from the computational view point. Basic Elements of Dynamic Programming To apply Dynamic Programming, we have to pay special attention to the three basic elements of the DP Model. They are: 1. Definition of the stages. 2. Definition of the alternatives at each stage. 3. Definition of the states for each stage. Definition of the states varies depending on the situation being modeled. Nevertheless, as we investigate each application, we will find it helpful to consider the following questions: 1. What relationships bind the stages together? 2. What information is needed to make feasible decisions at the current stage without reexamining the decisions made at previous stages? Application of the Dynamic Programming in the Business World We will try to present three application models and finally a worked out implementation of Dynamic Programming showing the superiority of DP over the usual or straight forward method of solution. 1. Work Force Model: In some construction projects, hiring and firing are exercised to maintain a labour force that meets the needs of the project. Given that the activities of hiring and firing both incur additional costs. In such cases, through the implementation of DP Model, we can get the optimum result regarding how the labor force should be maintained throughout the life of the project. For example: A construction contractor estimates that the size of the work force needed over the next 5 weeks is to be 5, 7, 8, 4 and 6 workers respectively. Excess labor kept on the force will cost $300 per week and new hiring in any week will incur a fixed cost of $400 plus $200 per worker per week. The elements of this DP model are: 1. Stage i Such problem can optimally be solved through DP Model. Equipment Replacement Model: The longer a machine stays in service, the higher is its maintenance cost, and the lower its productivity. When a machine reaches a certain age, it may be more economical to replace it. The problem thus turns into determining the most economical age of a machine. Suppose that we are studying the machine replacement problem over a span of n years. At the start of each year, we decide whether to keep the machine in service an extra year or to replace it with a new one. For example: Shajib Farms wants to develop a replacement policy for its 2-year-old tractor over the next 5 years. A tractor must be kept in service for at least 3 years, but must be disposed of after 5 years. The current purchase price of a tractor is $40,000 and increases by 10% a year. The salvage value of a 1-year-old tractor is $30,000 and decreases by 10% a year. The current annual operating cost of the tractor is $1,300 but is expected to increase by 10% a year. Such problem can optimally be solved easily by applying DP Model. Investment Model We commonly assume that an investor wants to maximize â€Å"Total Return†. Suppose that Mr. Jamal wants to invest Tk. 4,000,000 (4 Million) now and 2,000,00 (2 Million) at the starts of years 2 to 4. The interest rate offered by NCC Bank is 8% compounded annually and the bonuses over the next 4 years are 1.8%, 1.7%, 2.1% and 2.5% respectively. The annual interest rate offered by Eastern Bank is 2% lower than that of NCC Bank, but its bonus is .5% higher. The objective is to maximize the accumulated capital at the end of 4 years. Such problem can also optimally be solved easily by applying DP Model. A company is selecting the advertising for its productand the frequency of advertising by each material are shown in the following table: |Frequency per week |Expected Sales (In Tk. 1,000) | | |Television |Radio |Newspaper | |0 |0 |0 |0 | |1 |25 |20 |33 | |2 |42 |38 |43 | |3 |55 |54 |47 | |4 |63 |65 |50 | We have to determine the optimum combination of advertising frequency and sales. Solution: States: Let X1= The frequency of advertisement at stage-1 (0~6) X2= The frequency of advertisement at stage-2 (0~6) X3= The frequency of advertisement at stage-3 (=6) S= Total Frequncy Stage-1 |Total Frequency (S) |Frequency at |Expected Sales | | |Stage-1(X1) | | |0 |0 |0 | |1 |1 |25 | |2 |2 |42 | |3 |3 |55 | |4 |4 |63 | Stage-2 | X2 |f 2(S, X2)=R2(X2)+ f 1*(S-X2) | | | | | |f2*(S) |X2* | |S | | | | | |0 |1 |2 |3 |4 | | | |0 |0+0=0 | | | | |0 |0 | |1 |0+25=25 |20+0=20 | | | |25 |0 | |2 |0+42=42 |20+25=45 |38+0=38 | | |45 |1 | |3 |0+55=55 |20+42=62 |38+25=63 |54+0=54 | |63 |2 | |4 |0+63=63 |20+55=75 |38+42=80 |54+25=79 |65+0=65 |80 |2 | Stage-3 | X2 |f 3(S, X3)=R3(X3)+ f 2*(S-X3) | | | | | |f3*(S) |X3* | |S | | | | | |0 |1 |2 |3 |4 | | | |4 |0+80=80 |33+63=96 |43+45=88 |47+25=72 |50+0=50 |96 |1 | Now we can derive the optimal values: X1=1 X2=2 X3=1 Expected Sales= 96,000 Usual or Straight forward method of solution √ Circle indicates alternative plans at each stage & √ Arrows represent the decision. The features of the above exhaustive enumeration scheme are: 1. All the decisions of any combination must specified before a combination can be evaluated. Here during solution, we have to make 64 alternative plans first. 2. An optimum policy cannot be determined until all combinations have been evaluated. This method is inefficient because some of the combination may not be feasible. 3. In other cases the number of combination may be too large to allow exhaustive listing. The Dynamic Programming approach avoids the above mentioned difficulties by first breaking up the problem into smaller sub-problems which are called stages in DP. A stage here signifies a portion of the problem for which a separate decision can be made.

What Do You Do Best College Interview Question

What Do You Do Best College Interview Question This question overlaps a bit with another common interview question, What will you contribute to our campus community? Here, however, the question is more pointed and perhaps more awkward. After all, you can make a wide range of contributions to a campus community. To be asked to identify just one thing that you do best is far more limiting and intimidating. As we think about a winning response, keep in mind the purpose of the question. Your college interviewer is trying to identify something that you are passionate about, something that you have devoted time and energy to mastering. The college is looking for something that sets you apart from other applicants, some skill or talent that makes you the unique person you are. Is an Academic or Non-Academic Answer Best? If asked this question, you may be tempted to use it as an opportunity to prove that you are a strong student. Im really good at math. Im fluent in Spanish. Answers such as these are fine, but they may not be your best choice. If, for example, you truly are good at math, your academic transcript, SAT scores, and AP scores already demonstrate this point. So if you answer this question by highlighting your math skills, you are telling your interviewer something that he or she already knows. The reason you have an interview to begin with is because the college has holistic admissions. The admissions folks want to evaluate you as a whole person, not as an empirical set of grades and test scores. Thus, if you answer this question with something that your transcript already presents, youve lost an opportunity to highlight a dimension of your interests and personality that cannot be gleaned from the rest of your application. Put yourself in the shoes of your interviewer. Which applicant are you most likely to remember at the end of the day?: The one who says she is good at chemistry or the one who has amazing skills making claymation movies? Will you remember the good speller  or the one who restored a 1929 Model A Ford? This is not to say that you should steer clear of academics, for the college certainly does want to enroll students who are good at math, French, and biology. But when given the opportunity, try to use your interview to highlight personal strengths that might not come across so clearly in the other parts of your application. I Dont Do Anything Really Well. What Now? First off, youre wrong. Ive been teaching for 25 years and I have yet to meet a student who isnt good at something. Sure, some students have no aptitude for math, and others cant throw a football more than two feet. You may be inept in the kitchen, and you might have a third-grade spelling ability, but you are good at something. If you dont recognize your talents, ask your friends, teachers, and parents. And if you still cant come up with something you consider yourself good at, think about these possible approaches to the question: Im an expert at failing. Read any article on the characteristics of successful people, and youll learn that they are good at failing. They take risks. They try new things. They make mistakes and hit dead ends. And heres the important partthey learn from those failures and keep trying. Successful people fail a lot.Im a good listener. This interview question might make you feel uncomfortable because it is asking you to boast about yourself. If you feel uncomfortable tooting your own horn, is that because you prefer listening to speaking? If so, great. The world needs more people who listen. Embrace your listening skills.Im good at smelling the roses. Sadly, Ive met many applicants to highly selective colleges who are so driven to succeed both academically and in their extracurriculars, that theyve lived high school wearing blinders. Are you the type of person who loves to pause and appreciate the world around you? A strong student who can also treasure a beautiful sunset or a quiet sno wfall is someone who has found a healthy balance in life. Embrace this quality. Avoid the Predictable Responses Some answers to this question are perfectly safe, but they are also remarkably predictable and tired. Answers such as these are likely to make your interviewer nod in a gesture of bored approval: Im very responsible. Great, but your interviewer doesnt know you any better after that response. Your grades already show that you are responsible, and you havent given your interviewer a new and interesting dimension to your application.Im a hard worker. See above. Your transcript tells your interviewer this. Focus on something that isnt obvious from the rest of your application.Im good at writing (or biology, math, history, etc). As discussed earlier, a response like this is perfectly fine, but its a lost opportunity. Youre likely to get asked what you want to major in, so use that moment to talk about your favorite academic subject. And again, realize that your transcript shows what subject you have mastered. A Final Word If youre like me, a question like this is rather awkward. It can be uncomfortable tooting your own horn. Approached correctly, however, the question gives you a great opportunity to present a dimension of your personality that isnt obvious from your application. Try to find a response that identifies something that makes you uniquely you. Surprise your interviewer, or present a facet of your personality and interests that will differentiate you from other applicants. More Interview Articles Master These Interview QuestionsAvoid These Common Interview MistakesCollege Interview Dress for MenCollege Interview Dress for Women

The French Expression VoilÃÂ

The French Expression Voil Pronunciation: [vwa la] Register: normal Even though voil is just one word, it has so many possible meanings- most of which require multiple words in the English equivalents- that weve decided to treat it as an expression. The first thing to know about voil is that its spelled voil. Please note that the grave accent on the a is obligatory. (See common misspellings at the end of this article.) Secondly, voil, which is a contraction of vois l (literally, see there), has varied uses and meanings, which are hard to define precisely, so weve provided numerous examples to help make the distinctions clear. Here, There Voil can be a presentative which introduces a visible noun or group of nouns and can mean any of the following: here is, here are, there is, there are. Technically, voil only refers to things that are farther away (there is/are), while voici is used for close things (here is/are), but in reality voil tends to be used for all of the above, except when a distinction between two objects is required.   Ã‚  Voil la voiture que je veux acheter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Here / There is the car I want to buy.   Ã‚  Me voil !   Ã‚  Ã‚  Here I am!   Ã‚  Le voil !   Ã‚  Ã‚  Here it / he is! There it / he is!   Ã‚  Voici mon livre et voil le tien.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Heres my book and theres yours. This, That When followed by an interrogative adverb or indefinite relative pronoun, voil means this/that is:   Ã‚  Voil oà ¹ il habite maintenant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  This is where he lives now.   Ã‚  Voil pourquoi je suis parti.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Thats why I left / That is the reason (why) I left.   Ã‚  Voil ce que nous devons faire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  This is what we have to do.   Ã‚  Voil ce quils mont dit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Thats what they told me. Filler Voil is commonly used as a sort of summing up expression at the end of a statement. This is usually just a filler and doesnt have a simple English equivalent. In some cases, you could say you know, OK, or there you have it, but in general we just leave it out of the English translation.   Ã‚  Nous avons dà ©cidà © dacheter une nouvelle voiture et de donner lancienne notre fils, voil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  We decided to buy a new car and give the old one to our son.   Ã‚  On va commencer avec ma prà ©sentation, suivie dune visite du jardin et puis le dà ©jeuner, voil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Were going to start with my presentation, followed by a visit to the garden and then lunch. How Long Voil can be an informal replacement for depuis or il y a when talking about how long something has been going on or how long ago something happened.   Ã‚  Voil 20 minutes que je suis ici.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ive been here for 20 minutes.   Ã‚  Nous avons mangà © voil trois heures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  We ate three hours ago. That's Right Voil can be used to agree with what someone just said, along the lines of thats right or thats it exactly. (Synonym: en effet)   Ã‚  - Alors, si jai bien compris, vous voulez acheter sept cartes postales mais seulement quatre timbres.   Ã‚  Ã‚  - Voil.   Ã‚  - So if Ive understood correctly, you want to buy seven postcards but only four stamps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  - Thats right. Now You've Done It Et voil is commonly used, especially when talking to children, after youve warned them about something and they do it anyway, causing the very problem you tried to prevent. Not quite as mocking as I told you so, but along those lines: I warned you, you should have listened, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Non, arrà ªte, cest trop lourd pour toi, tu vas le faire tomber... et voil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  No, stop, thats too heavy for you, youre going to drop it... and you did / I warned you. Spelling Notes Voil is sometimes used in English, and for this reason, its often written voila. This is acceptable in English, which tends to lose accents on words borrowed from other languages, but its not acceptable in French. There are several other common misspellings: Voil has the wrong accent. The only letter that ever has an acute accent in French is e, as in à ©tà © (summer).Viola is a word, though not a French one: a viola is a musical instrument slightly larger than a violin; the French translation is alto.Vwala is an Anglicized spelling of voil.Walla? Not even close. Please, use voil.

Serving Customers in Global Markets (Report) Essay

Serving Customers in Global Markets (Report) - Essay Example Nevertheless, the advert was able to garner the attention of consumers by influencing and in some cases even challenging their perceptions of beauty. The commercial also addressed the concepts of self-confidence and self-perception in a truly unique manner by depicting the stark contrast between how we view ourselves and how others see us. The influence of Dove’s Real Beauty Sketches is an embodiment of the psychological dimension of marketing which essentially represents the significance of successfully understanding consumer psychology to gain an advantage over the competitors. As stated by Haugtvedt, Petty and Cacioppo (1992), the cognitive element of advertising is associated with the development of a consumer’s behavior and attitude regarding a particular product. Furthermore, a comprehension of the psychology of the customer is also important for a business from the point of view of branding. Schmitt (2012) proposes the development of a consumer psychology model o f brands, the recommendations of which can be integrated to discuss the consumers’ judgment of the brand. ... The key message in the advert wishes to enlighten the audience on the perceptions of beauty by encouraging women to value their natural beauty. 2. Application of Consumer Psychology Theories According to Pieters and Wedel (2004), a print advertisement’s ability to attract the attention of the consumer is governed by three elements which are that of brand, pictorial and text. On the contrary, Porter and Golan (2006) postulate that the content which can be classified as ‘viral’ capitalizes on an individual’s will to share the material as much as possible and this characteristic does not stand valid in the case of television adverts. The differentiation that is shared by these cases essentially outlines a medium’s ability to immediately capture the attention of a consumer. Kahnemann (1973) understands that attention is associated with the contents of short-term memory which can be obtained from stimuli that exist both internally and externally. As depic ted in the diagram below short-term memory, is also known as working memory, and its contents are lost when forgotten. Fig 1. Information Processing and Memory Stores With respect to the advertisement, the attention of the viewer is captured through the simplicity of the setting, which can also be assessed in the light of perceived meanings. The setting of the commercial, with its large, well-lit and airy space shows the studio of a forensic artist and this component instantaneously draws the customer into the calm, secure and natural environment. The commercial characteristics that have been employed in the advertisement under study can be assessed in accordance with the concept of repetition, the application of which allows a specific

Web Services Technology and Information Systems Essay

Web Services Technology and Information Systems - Essay Example The paper offer comprehensive analyses of a profit-making web services software development scheme within the services sector to explain this issue. By means of premise study, an explanatory hypothetical outline of the structure development procedure, facilitated by web services is originated. Its major discovery is the recognition of the primary enabling function of the â€Å"Web services technology on system development†. Actually, Web services technology, being supported by XML, is confirmed to be differentiated by extensible series, which is consecutively proven the basic facilitator of innovative practices within systems study. In addition, results have shown it to be facilitator within systems realization as well about the part of related components, for instance, the target business along with its atmosphere, the project group as well as application software customs. The web services system development practices examined here appear within the possible capacity to assem ble intricate systems during a smaller, economical as well as additionally flexible method as compared to conventional system development ways.Apart from organizational development along with infrastructural development, a ‘third-order’ of motives could chip in to modify traditional practices for information systems development: the accessibility of innovative software technologies as well as structural designs, and mainly the rising Web services principles and implements. This study explains how the accessibility of Web services principles and tools is revealing fresh techniques of creating information systems.... The web services system development practices examined here appear within the possible capacity to assemble intricate systems during a smaller, economical as well as additionally flexible method as compared to conventional system development ways (Cordiero and Filpe, 2010, p. 55). Apart from organizational development along with infrastructural development, a ‘third-order’ of motives could chip in to modify traditional practices for information systems development: the accessibility of innovative software technologies as well as structural designs, and mainly the rising Web services principles and implements. This study explains how the accessibility of Web services principles and tools is revealing fresh techniques of creating information systems. This sort of argument may appear relatively old-fashioned and somehow immature. Specially, it may seem to look a lot like the ‘technically vital’ view of the primary pragmatic efforts within the field. However, th e explanatory hypothetical agenda formed here, supports the basic facilitating part of technology itself within software improvement practices. In fact, the underlying link is neither simple nor exclusive: Web services technology is an essential, although not adequate fundamental aspect of alteration in practices for information services development (Alkhatib and Rine, 2008, p. 87). This study explains how, apart from technology, additional elementary aspects are engaged, together with software venture market’s atmosphere, civilizing aspects, and achievement pace, software value as well as associated risk factors. ‘Web services’ is a component-supported software