Contemporary nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary nursing - Essay Example (Hermann, 2004) It is due to this reason that Australian nursing is confronting to challenges like lack of public reliance on hospitals, nurses', negligence towards patients etc. Other challenges include lack of community contact, some ethical issues which later escort towards loss of interest and defaming the profession. (Mant, 2002) Job dissatisfaction is also one of the reasons which escort experienced nurses to leave this field. (Goodwin, 2002) Under such circumstances where nurses are open to hear critics either in professionalism or ethical values, could one think that political apathy alone is to be held responsible for creating this situation In my opinion, the situation is all about what nurses understand and perceives the ethical and moral code of conduct. Therefore, it is not to blame the political apathy of professional values but the morals which a nurse has to follow throughout her nursing career. By nursing ethics, it is meant the morals and duties of nursing which she must succumb to in professional patient care. Often nurses see 'morality' as involving more a personal or private set of values, in contrast with 'ethics', which is seen as involving a more formalised, public and universal set of values. The incorrect use of fundamental ethical terms and concepts has led to a certain degree of confusion in nursing ethics discourse. Therefore the responsibility of this confusion does not lie with political apathy, but with a nurse who understands and perceives in her own manner. In this situation where 'political involvement' and 'ethics' has, been misunderstood in today's nursing profession, one must think behind the hidden facts responsible for creating the chaos. Blaming the laws, nursing code of conduct or nursing schools is not the solution to the problem. Lack of sharing and understanding a common nursing ethical language has become the ground root for taking a correct or incorrect course of action on which the reputation of nursing is built. Here by correct or incorrect I mean the course of action that is morally correct for the patient. For example if two nurses are unable to share a common perception about nursing practice, they cannot meaningfully debate about moral permissibility due to conflicting views and these views could later result into the differences clearly seen while handling a patient. Therefore, the onus comes on the shoulders of those nurses who are dedicated to enter in this profession to research about the conflicting views. The Moral Problems of today's Nurse Nursing practise revolves around basic care and common sense and today's nursing care is the moral care of the patient without these two features. (Traynor, 1999, p. 69) Moral care involves dedication and emotional bonding and respect for the patient. Though the nurses who are new to the profession are dedicated enough to handle the patient and understand morality, but that dedication is devoid of basic 'care' and 'common sense'. However older ones that stick to this profession for years explicitly identify their work and values as 'traditional' but still they never realise what is ahead of them that requires true morality what it takes to become today's nurse who is willing to accept

Intro to Aircraft Systems Essay Example for Free

Intro to Aircraft Systems Essay All single rotor helicopters need some way to counteract the torque that is created by the rotor blades spinning around the mast. The most common anti-torque system used on helicopters is the Tail Rotor System. The Tail Rotor System is a relatively small rotor and transmission attached at the end of the tail boom that is driven from a shaft coming from the main engine and transmission (ASA, Helicopter Flying Handbook 1-5). Another anti-thrust system used less frequently is the Fenestron system. It is driven in a similar way to the standard tail rotor system but instead of two rotor blades at the end of the boom there is a series of rotating blades that are enclosed in a protective shroud, thus adding a degree in safety by protecting the tail rotor blades from ground contact (ASA, Helicopter Flying Handbook 4-7). The anti-torque system I want to discuss in greater detail is called the â€Å"NOTAR† system. The NOTAR system is dramatically different in design as it does not require another rotor at the end of the tail boom to create thrust and in losing that tail rotor this system has a number of advantages, added safety being one of the crucial benefits. The NOTAR system uses the natural characteristics of aerodynamics along with thrust from pressurized air exiting the tail boom to provide the thrust needed to counter the torque being produced by the main rotor (ASA, Helicopter Flying Handbook 4-7). It does this using the following components that are built into the design of the helicopter: air intake, fan, tail boom the can contain and control airflow, tail thruster cone, and two vertical stabilizers at the end of the tail boom. The first component of this system is the air intake, or a large opening on top of the rear fuselage. This intake is covered by a fine mesh screen designed to keep foreign objects from getting sucked into the system (Wagtendonk 190). The intake pulls air into the second component of this system: an enclosed variable-pitch composite blade fan. This fan’s purpose is to create a low pressure and high volume of ambient air that is sent into the tail boom, pressurizing it in the process. The fan blades are variable-pitch meaning their pitch, or pitch angle, can be increased or decreased creating more or less volume of air that is being introduced into the tail boom (Wagtendonk 190). The fan is located just behind the main transmission where the tail boom connects to the fuselage and is driven directly by the main rotor gearbox, this ensures that the fan is always providing directional control including when in auto rotation (Wagtendonk 190). The tail boom is the third and very crucial component of the NOTAR system. It looks similar to a standard tail boom but has a bigger circumference, is made from composite material and is completely hollow on the inside. The tail boom is designed with two parallel slots that run the length of the right side that allow the fan air (low pressure) to flow out and downwards (Wagtendonk 190). This movement of airflow energizes, or speeds up, the boundary layer of downwash flow that is created by the main rotor. This is called the Coanda effect (Wagtendonk 190). This essentially makes the tail boom a wing in relationship to the airflow created by the main rotor- low pressure on the right side and high pressure on the left side creating lift/thrust in the opposite direction of the torque from the main rotor. The Coanda effect is most effective when the helicopter is at a hover and can produce up to 60% of the needed anti-torque force. When forward speed is gained or in windy conditions the main rotor downwash begins to angle away from the tail boom reducing the Coanda effect (ASA Helicopter Flying Handbook 4-7). At the end of the tail boom we have another component to this system that provides the remaining force needed to produce enough anti-torque: the rotating direct jet thruster cone. The direct jet thruster is basically a nozzle at the end of the tail boom that directs the flow of the pressurized fan driven air. When the airflow reaches the nozzle, it first hits baffles located inside the rotating nozzle, which helps direct the airflow out the rectangular opening on the cone (Wagtendonk 191). The pilot can control the orientation of the cone by making pedal inputs- pressing the left pedal points the opening on the cone to the left side creating more anti-torque while right pedal turns the cone to the right reducing the anti-torque thrust (Wagtendonk 191). The final component to the NOTAR system is the twin vertical stabilizers that are attached on each end of the horizontal stabilizer. These stabilizers provide most of the anti-torque once the helicopter is in forward flight (ASA Helicopter Flying Handbook 4-7). Unlike the standard helicopter vertical stabilizer the left stabilizer actually moves and acts like a rudder, moving in unison with the rotation of the direct jet thruster (Wagtendonk 192). The right stabilizer is more like a â€Å"yaw damper† and is hooked up to a Yaw Stability Augmentation System (YSAS) (Stephens, â€Å"NOTAR: More Than What It Appears To Be†). The YSAS consists of a small electro-mechanical actuator that moves the right stabilizer based off of information coming from a yaw rate gyro and lateral accelerometer that is installed in the cockpit (Stephens, NOTAR: More Than What It Appears To Be†). There are some distinct advantages of the NOTAR system over the more conventional tail rotor and Fenestron anti-torque systems. One obvious advantage when comparing the NOTAR system to any other helicopter in flight is the amount of noise level reduced due to the lack of another added rotor (Abdollahi 6). In fact the MD 900 (which uses NOTAR) boasts the lowest noise levels of comparable helicopters (Abdollahi 6). Another advantage the NOTAR system has over the conventional tail rotor design is added safety. With no tail rotor, the NOTAR system eliminates the hazards of tail rotor strike, foreign object damage, and eliminates hazards involving people walking into the tail rotor (Wagtendonk 189). Also, the ability to control the heading in crosswind conditions is improved, and tail rotor blade stalls are eliminated (Wagtendonk 189). Though the NOTAR system is not widely used in the helicopter industry it is proven to be a highly effective, safer, anti-torque system. Its simple design using the natural characteristics of aerodynamics adds to its advantages, as does the additional safely gained regarding passengers and the pilot by eliminating the need for a tail rotor.

Travis Barker is an Admirable Person :: essays research papers

Why Travis Barker is an Admirable Person   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the people that I admire is Travis Barker. Travis Barker is a drummer in the band blink-182. Although he may be famous, he acts like a normal guy you see every day. Most people think of someone who is famous as being egotistical, stuck up and think they are better than everyone else in the world. Travis basically proves all of those opinions wrong and makes you realize that although some famous people may be that way, not everyone is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Travis is a very talented drummer and takes his work seriously. Travis wasn’t the original drummer for blink-182. The original drummer wasn’t able to make it to a concert because of family reasons and the other two members asked their best friend, Travis, to fill in even though he didn’t know how to play any of their songs. Even though it was only an hour before the show when they asked him to fill in, Travis didn’t want to let them down so he said he would learn every song and perform with them. They didn’t want the audience to hear Travis learning how to play the songs so they found two sticks and that was what he used to practice with. An hour later, Travis went on stage and performed with the other two guys in blink-182 and amazed the crowd as well as his two best friends. When the original drummer said he wanted to go to school and was leaving the band, they asked Travis to take over since he had amazed the crowd with his awesome ability to play the drums.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Travis doesn’t only play the drums, he also teaches drum lessons. Travis visits his home in San Diego, CA often and while he is there he gives young children who don’t have much money, if any, drum lessons. He says he loves working with young kids especially since he knows they don’t have a lot of money. He says this is his way of giving something back to his hometown. Travis also likes to think that even though these kids families may not ever have much money, they may be able to become a drummer one day and earn some money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Travis is well-known, he hasn’t let this affect his life. When people stop him to say â€Å"You’re Travis Barker from blink-182†, he acts like you see someone from blink-182

An Analysis of Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart :: Things Fall Apart essays

An Analysis of Things Fall Apart â€Å"A penny will hide the biggest star in the Universe†¦..† It’s very smart to step out of my own shoes in order to see myself clearly in a situation. It’s necessary to do this in order to see and understand the whole picture. It’s smarter yet, to not only step out of my own shoes, but into those shoes belonging to someone else. Belonging to   someone different than me in as many ways possible.  Ã‚   Chinua Achebe’s, Things Fall Apart, shows us the importance of this through his story. He shows us that you have to physically put yourself into other people’s shoes, find out everything about them, in order to make any realistic judgment at all.   He shows us the difficulties of doing this, but also the rewards that come of it in the end.   Taking every possible opportunity to widen our perspective makes the walk back in our own shoes that much more worthwhile. Achebe’s story brings up a lot of issues pertaining to everyday life, even today.   It brings the idea of tolerance, and asking questions about our ways and ourselves. It makes the readers question when it’s okay to get involved, and the consequences of that.   All these being tiny matters compared to the idea of understanding of the importance of seeing the world through multiple perspectives, no matter how difficult. Its like flying a plane across country and sharing to others what you saw, as opposed to driving across the country and then doing the same. We live today in a society that wants to do things quickly, and easy.   Achebe wants to show us that that’s not the best way to view and pursue our lives. Okonkwo, the main character in Things Fall Apart is a member of the Ibo culture.   The Ibo is held together by one string, which is basically their very own traditions. Okonkwo is an extreme believer that his way, is the ONLY way. Even though Okonkwo breaks some rules in his own society, he thinks very highly of his own culture.   The Ibo ways are the only ways that Okonkwo allows himself to see.  Ã‚   He is a man demanding of his own family, dominating those around him, and rules â€Å"his household with a heavy hand.† Okonkwo is plagued by the fear of failure and weakness.   Throughout the story he puts his effort into struggles to repress any part of him that may resemble his father.

The Paradoxical Twins: Acme and Omega Electronics

The Paradoxical Twins: Acme and Omega Electronics Prepared by Samuel Jackson Rene smith Pedro curiz Tomm Brown for Dr. Jordan MAN 701 – Organizational Design and Theory School of Business/Graduate Studies Barry University Miami Gardens, Fla. Term A2/Spring, 2006 March 25, 2006 Case Summary: In 1986 a Cleveland manufacture bought Technological Products and subsequently sold the electronics division to separate investors that manufactured computer chips and printed circuit boards. One of the investors renamed their company Acme Electronics and the other investor renamed their company Omega Electronics, Inc. The Acme company retained its original management team and promoted the general manager to president. The Omega company hired a new president and upgraded several of its existing personnel. Both companies are located in the same geographical area and compete for the same contracts. Acme employs 550 people, whereas the Omega employs 480 people. In the 1990s, production of complex circuit boards by Acme and Omega was threatened by mixed analog and digital devices. Both companies realized the pending threat and started to aggressively seek new customers. In July of 1992, a major photocopier manufacturer was looking for subcontractors to assemble digital memory units for a new experimental copier. The project contract was estimated between $7 million to $9 million in sales. Both Acme and Omega submitted competitive bids for the production of units and both companies were selected to produce 100 units. The photocopier manufacturer explained to both companies that production speed was a critical element of the contract and that each company would only have about two weeks to produce the prototypes or risk delaying the final copier production. On July 13, 1992 the Acme company started ordering the necessary the parts and began production on the memory units. Each department worked separately and encountered problems that led to delays in the production cycle. Two days prior to the delivery date the photocopier manufacturer informed Acme that the rival company Omega had discovered a design flaw in the connector cable and that he would be sending over a new blueprint to re-work the memory units. According to the photocopier manufacture, Acme would still be held to the delivery date. On July 10, 1992, Omega started having meetings to get production underway. Within days the Drafting department prepared blueprints, while the engineering and production departments work together to begin methods design. However, on July 20 Omega discovered a design flaw in the connector cable. The engineering department redesigned the cable and the drafting department finalized the changes in the manufacturing prints. The additional delays in reassembly of the units at Acme caused them to deliver the 100 units late. However, Omega completed a full quality inspection of all 100 units and delivered the final units on time. The photocopier manufacturer split the contract between Acme and Omega and included additional provisions stipulating zero defects and reduced final cost. Ultimately, the Acme reduce it overall cost by 20 percent and won the total contract. Summary Recommendation: The Omega company should consider redesigning its organizational structure to become more functional in design in order to take advantage of economies of scale; in-depth skill knowledge and overall efficiency. The company should implement organization charts with clearly define job duties and responsibilities so employees fully understand their role in the organization. Also, the management team should used formal written communication to covey project expectations and a sense of urgency to complete the assignment within the allotted time frame. Case Analysis: The Acme Company appears to be designed around being efficient and task oriented in order to be a high volume manufacturer. The company has detailed organizational charts and job descriptions which define clear responsibilities. Management believes in providing written communication to achieving the task at hand. In fact, as soon as the company received the blueprints management immediately sent out written communication to all department heads and executives indicating the critical constraints and the expectations of performing efficiently. Based on the organizational structure, each department worked independently and at different speeds. Mr. Tyler, President was developing a relationship with the photocopier manufacturer by keeping in telephone contact and trying to learn of new developments. The Acme strategy has traditionally been to keep the client happy. In a time of crisis, Mr. Tyler was able to give direct orders and instruct certain departments to reconfigure the components as needed. At the same time critical decisions were made to skip normal quality control processes to stay on course. Ultimately, the company generated 90 quality made units with 10 being defective. On the other hand, the Omega Company appears to be designed around the team work approach to achieve production goals. The company does not have organizational charts and management believes that all employees should be familiar with various activities throughout the organization. Also, management does not allow written memos to the staff employees. Once the company received the blueprints management began having meetings to discuss the production method instead of dividing up the specific work assignments to achieve. The engineering and production departments pooled resources to work on the methods design. On the positive side, most of the problems identified within Omega’s production cycle were resolved quickly and overcome by the team effort approach. In the time of crisis and rapid changes needed to produce a quality product the company was able to effectively work as a team. Ultimately, the company delivered a high quality product with no defects and within the required time frame. Alternative Identified: Since, Omega is relatively small with only a few product lines the first alterative would be for the company to be more formal in its organizational design and structure, which includes organizational charts and well defined job responsibilities in order to become more efficient and reduce cost. Recommendation: First, Omega needs to restructure the company within the next three to six months. Implement a functional organization chart that has a well define hierarchy. Next, Omega needs to immediately implement a formal communication process throughout the organization to provide clear guidance and management expectations to reduce wasted manpower and maximize available staff resources. The Omega Company should consider sending out memos to show the significant time constraint of each job deadlines and definitely continue the company’s meeting process before productions. The Acme Company needs to meet with multiple employees involved in the workflow to prevent any complication to appear during productions. Acme should require each employee to have some sort of knowledge of everyone functions in the organizations. Perhaps, have a day dedicated to altering each employee positions to have a vivid understanding of their job titles. This would slow down further delay in production if a crisis occurs. Furthermore, it’s best that Acme improve the communication flow between the actual employees.

The differences between a tough boss and a bad boss

The differences between a tough boss and a bad boss Those of us who have been in the work world for a while know all about the dreaded â€Å"difficult boss†- the boss who fills your thoughts with misery when you think about coming into work each day. The boss who somehow manages to make every work project and task more annoying and less enjoyable for everyone involved, and who’s skilled at chipping away at your confidence, self-esteem, and optimism with every encounter. Most of us have had the misfortune of having a difficult boss in our orbits and know just how unfortunate this reality can be. In fact, having a difficult boss may actually be worse for you than you even realize. Forbes recently published an article that highlighted a recent study by the University of Manchester’s Business School that uncovered a wide range of negative effects from having a toxic boss. These include higher rates of depression and negativity, lower job satisfaction, worse job performance, and a more pessimistic professional outlook - and the ripple effects spill out of the office and all over employees’ personal lives in a variety of detrimental ways. Clearly, having a difficult boss is not an ingredient for a happy life.That said, not all difficult bosses are created equally. In fact, a clear distinction should be made between the two types of difficult bosses- tough bosses and bad bosses. The short- and long-term effects they can have on you can be completely different, so it pays to know the difference. Let’s take a closer look at each of these two breeds of boss and see what makes each type tick.How to handle bad bossesMost of us know a flat-out bad boss when we see them, and the truth is that beyond a paycheck and perhaps bolstering our resumes, there’s very little upside to working with them. They’re constantly and consistently working to bring out the very worst in us and drain us of every last drop of energy and enthusiasm. Maybe it’s out of greed and selfishness for their own needs, with no regard for ours, or maybe they’re just simply terrible at being people and get some satisfaction from seeing us unhappy and squirming.Regardless of their motives, the end result of working with a bad boss is often the same- you spend way to much time trying to make them happy, which is often an elusive and unattainable goal, and you’re left miserable in the process. You often get nothing in return from the interaction and, even worse, it affects your entire life negatively. Like in any toxic relationship, you often come out of the bad boss experience shell-shocked and worse for wear, and it can take a while to shake off the ill effects.If this sounds like your situation, after diagnosing the problem you should see if there are any steps you can take to either improve the situation or minimize the impact. If there aren’t, consider whether or not it’s worth sticking it out. If not, figure out an exit strategy.How to handle tough bos sesThis breed of difficult boss doesn’t always make your professional life happy or fun, but there’s a significant difference between a bad boss and a tough boss. Where interacting with a bad boss is a toxic exchange that benefits you in no discernable way, having a tough boss can actually have the opposite effect- they can challenge you to be your best self, step out of your comfort zone, and build new and better professional skills. Tough bosses often have lofty demands and high expectations for both you and their companies, but is that such a bad thing? In fact, in some cutthroat industries where the level of competition is insanely high, having a tough boss at the helm can mean the difference between a company that navigates its way to success and a company that can’t distance itself from the crowd.Tough bosses often expect results and require a commitment to seeing things through to the end, regardless of whatever adversity or challenge rears its ugly head. But learning to face these things head-on can be great additions to your professional skill set- both at this job and in your future endeavors. Sure, there are limits, and there’s often a fine line between a tough boss and bad boss. But if the truth is that your boss often gets on your nerves and drives you crazy, but they’re actually helping you build better skills and are turning you into a better employee, then try to appreciate what you’re getting from this exchange and do your best to learn how to work with them in a way that minimizes the awfulness and allows you to continue to benefit from the situation.If you have a difficult boss, use the information here to diagnose whether your boss is tough or just plain bad. Then, take the necessary steps to make your professional life as fulfilli ng, beneficial, and stress-free as possible.

Reglas para el ingreso de mascotas a Estados Unidos

Reglas para el ingreso de mascotas a Estados Unidos El ingreso de mascotas est sujeto a reglas que hay que seguir. Tener en cuenta que aquà ­ se explican las que afectan a las aduanas estadounidenses pero que hay que respetar tambià ©n las del otro paà ­s del que se viaja o que es destino final. Lo primero que hay que saber es que las reglas aplican tanto a las personas que residen habitualmente en Estados Unidos y regresan al paà ­s con su mascota como a los que viven en otros paà ­ses e ingresan a los Estados Unidos por la razà ³n que sea. Los segundo, es que las mascotas deben de estar sanas. Y si no lo estn pueden ser sometidas a cuarentena. Y que en casos especà ­ficos simplemente se prohibir su ingreso. Y lo tercero es que hay reglas especà ­ficas segà ºn el tipo de la mascota. Asimismo,  si se considera que est en peligro aplicarn reglas especiales. A continuacià ³n los casos ms comunes de reglas para mascotas y hacia el final la normativa que regula el ingreso de las piezas de caza en Estados Unidos. Se acaba con un listado de los puertos de entrada al paà ­s para el caso de caza y mascotas especiales. Reglas para ingreso de roedores a Estados Unidos Conejos, conejillos de indias, hamsters y hurones que son mascotas pueden ingresar a Estados Unidos si tienen buena salud. Si no la tuvieran, sern sometidos a cuarentena y el dueà ±o deber correr con los gastos. Los erizos sà ³lo se pueden traer a travà ©s de determinados puertos de entrada, que incluye aeropuertos. Consultar con la CBP. En todo caso, no se pueden ingresar los que proceden de Nueva Zelanda.   En cuanto a ratas, puerco espà ­n, ratones, ardillas y lirones, estn prohibidos sà ³lo si proceden de Africa.   Reglas para ingresar con perros a Estados Unidos Deben tener un certificado de vacuna contra la rabia si proceden de un paà ­s en las que existe tal enfermedad. Adems, se requiere uno de que est libre de gusano barrenador (screwworm en inglà ©s), si procede de un paà ­s en el que existe dicha enfermedad. Finalmente, si se trata de un perro guà ­a y se ingresa a los Estados Unidos en avià ³n deber consultarse con la aerolà ­nea del vuelo, por si piden documentacià ³n adicional.   Reglas para viajar con gatos a Estados Unidos No se requiere la presentacià ³n de la vacuna contra la rabia en el caso de animales que son mascotas.   Reglas para ingresar a mascotas como monos y dems primates No pueden ser traà ­dos a Estados Unidos como mascotas en ninguna circunstancia. No se admiten excepciones. Ingreso a Estados Unidos de tortugas como mascotas Las tortugas vivas con caparazà ³n y que miden ms de 4 pulgadas y que se ingresan como mascotas pueden ser importadas sin restricciones. Pero siempre a travà ©s de un puerto de entrada que se ocupa de tramitar la papelerà ­a para animales salvajes (ver ms abajo). Las tortugas vivas con caparazà ³n y menos de 4 pulgadas pueden ser importadas sin fines comerciales, pero con un mximo de 7 ejemplares. Lo mismo sucede con los huevos viables de tortuga. Tambià ©n deben de ingresar a travà ©s de un puerto de entrada que procesa animales salvajes.   Peces Si no estn incluidos en listas de animales en peligro de extincià ³n ni en listados de especies daà ±inas (injurios species) entonces pueden ser importados como mascotas. Es necesario utilizar para ello uno de los puertos de ingreso designados para tramitar la entrada de peces  al paà ­s Reglas que aplican a la caza para ingresar a Estados Unidos Las reglas para ingresar a los Estados Unidos aves y otros animales abatidos por cazadores son como siguen: En primer lugar, si se trata de un pjaro o de otro animal no considerado como protegido y que ha sido cazado por un un ciudadano estadounidense o por un residente permanente legal en Canad o en Mà ©xico y el fin de la importacià ³n es no comercial: se puede producir el ingreso en cualquier puerto de entrada (aeropuerto, puerto o frontera terrestre). Pero es necesario llenar la planilla Form 3-177. En segundo lugar, si la pieza cazada procede de otro paà ­s entonces el ingreso se debe realizar a travà ©s de un puerto designado para tramitar esa documentacià ³n. Adems, deber presentarse papeles mostrando la licencia del cazador, sellos y el documento de exportacià ³n del paà ­s en el que se haya cazado al animal, si dicho paà ­s lo requiere. Finalmente, tener en cuenta que para no pagar impuestos de importacià ³n es preciso que la pieza haya sido legalmente cazada por el que la trae, es decir, no puede ser comprada. Asimismo, es necesario ser ciudadano o residente permanente de los Estados Unidos.   Aves migratorias, animales protegidos o considerados amenazas Si se ha cazado un ave migratoria o se desea importar un animal o mamà ­feros marinos o cualquier otro animal considerado protegido o amenazante para las especies de los Estados Unidos, consultar antes con el Servicio de Peces y Fauna, porque podrà ­a estar prohibido traer la pieza a los Estados Unidos. El telà ©fono al que marcar es el 1-800-358-2104. Ahà ­ se puede obtenre informacià ³n sobre quà © documentacià ³n adicional se podrà ­a necesitar o si, simplemente, no es posible traer un determinado animal a los Estados Unidos.   Atencià ³n a los ingresos de marfil El paso de marfil por las Aduanas de los Estados Unidos est sujeta a restricciones, incluso cuando forma parte de instrumentos o muebles. Puerto de entrada para procesar la papelerà ­a de Peces y Fauna El Servicio de Peces y Fauna (Fish and Wildlife en inglà ©s) est presente en los siguientes puertos de entrada: AtlantaBaltimoreBostonChicagoDallas / Fort WorthHonoluluLos Angeles  MiamiNueva OrleansNueva YorkNewarkPorlandSan Francisco  Seattle A tener en cuenta para pasar control migratorio y aduanero fcilmente Para evitar tener problemas en las aduanas, esto es un compendio de todo lo que no se puede ingresar o est sujeto a algà ºn tipo de restricciones, desde alimentos a medicamentos.   Adems del control migratorio, al llegar a un puerto de entrada a Estados Unidos se pasa por un control migratorio. Esto es lo que saben los oficiales fronterizos. Finalmente, cabe destacar que si el ingreso se realiza a travà ©s de uno de los puestos de control migratorio en la frontera entre Mà ©xico y EE.UU. las demoras pueden ser largas, particularmente en fechas seà ±aladas. Para evitarlo o estar preparado es posible consultar cunto tiempo se est tardando en cruzar en cualquier puesto en particular. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Free Essays on Enlightenment Influence

Today’s society owes its schools of thought to the Age of Reason. That is right, the Enlightenment. Enlightenment itself means the realization of ultimate universal truth. This great thought movement originated in the 18th Century in Europe by questioning the traditions of society. Even though some aspects of the Enlightenment were shown in previous generations, it shows in the Age of Reason of how all of its aspects came together to create new technologies. This new idea questioned all directions in which society governed itself. It created an uproar in religion, politics, science, and aesthetics. This movement started by a group of thinkers who figured out that the best way to determine the universal truth was through the ideas of individual human nature. This group, known as the philosophes, revolutionized humankind and set the stage for generations to come. This Enlightenment gave to modern society all of its riches and thoughts and therefore is responsible for t he way society has evolved from the 18th Century to the 21st Century. The Enlightenment, the alternative medium, gave light to dark minds and put the world where it stands today. It was the late 17th Century, in France where the philosophes began to question the age old traditions and myths of man. The biggest of the philosophes was Voltaire. Voltaire was the only one who could combine the schools of thought and to make it understandable in accordance to human nature. Voltaire combined the ideas of the new sciences and philosophies and convinced society of the idea that people should believe only the ideas received from the senses. He claimed that people should not believe everything they hear. The best knowledge was to acquire it for oneself and become one’s own individual. Voltaire was seen as a reformer because of his concrete thoughts. He felt that society needed a freer press, religious toleration, and above all, an efficient government. Vol... Free Essays on Enlightenment Influence Free Essays on Enlightenment Influence Today’s society owes its schools of thought to the Age of Reason. That is right, the Enlightenment. Enlightenment itself means the realization of ultimate universal truth. This great thought movement originated in the 18th Century in Europe by questioning the traditions of society. Even though some aspects of the Enlightenment were shown in previous generations, it shows in the Age of Reason of how all of its aspects came together to create new technologies. This new idea questioned all directions in which society governed itself. It created an uproar in religion, politics, science, and aesthetics. This movement started by a group of thinkers who figured out that the best way to determine the universal truth was through the ideas of individual human nature. This group, known as the philosophes, revolutionized humankind and set the stage for generations to come. This Enlightenment gave to modern society all of its riches and thoughts and therefore is responsible for t he way society has evolved from the 18th Century to the 21st Century. The Enlightenment, the alternative medium, gave light to dark minds and put the world where it stands today. It was the late 17th Century, in France where the philosophes began to question the age old traditions and myths of man. The biggest of the philosophes was Voltaire. Voltaire was the only one who could combine the schools of thought and to make it understandable in accordance to human nature. Voltaire combined the ideas of the new sciences and philosophies and convinced society of the idea that people should believe only the ideas received from the senses. He claimed that people should not believe everything they hear. The best knowledge was to acquire it for oneself and become one’s own individual. Voltaire was seen as a reformer because of his concrete thoughts. He felt that society needed a freer press, religious toleration, and above all, an efficient government. Vol...

Analysis of the Sustainability of Nordic Welfare Model in Times of Essay

Analysis of the Sustainability of Nordic Welfare Model in Times of Economic Recession - Essay Example The first challenge for Nordic countries is the demographic shift. The population in the entire developed world is greying and Nordic countries are no exception. With the increase in longevity of people and reduced child births, the number of people above the age of 65 is rapidly increasing (Adema, 2001). All Nordic countries provide generous pension facilities to enable the old to live a life of dignity. Thus if the number of dependents increase, it becomes increasingly difficult to finance their pension out of the income of working population. It has been assumed that in the next 3 decades the old age dependency ration will increase from 0.25 to 0.40 in the Nordic countries. The dependency ratios over the next 40 years in three Nordic countries is shown in the graph below – Source: (Kvist & Greve, 2011) Thus it is clear from the above figures that it will be unsustainable for Nordic countries to provide pension to their elderly without significantly deteriorating their finan ces. It is assumed that Denmark will suffer deterioration of finances up to 4% of GDP; it will be 6% of GDP for Norway and up to 4.5% of GDP for Sweden (Kvist & Greve, 2011). Clearly no country can suffer such an impact on its finances. It is often said that the problems of a welfare state can be circumvented by ensuring a high GDP growth. The Nordic countries should focus on increasing their GDP growth rate to mop up extra finances for their welfare schemes. In this section I will discuss the challenges of achieving high GDP growth for Nordic countries in this era of recession and globalisation. The Nordic countries have historically seen higher growth rates as compared to other European economies. However...This essay examines, whether the Nordic welfare model is sustainable in these difficult economic times and the age of globalization. The Nordic welfare model is also called as the Nordic social democracy. The Nordic countries have been strictly pro trade and suspicious of any k ind of protectionism but at the same time they have made policies which ensure a large degree of equality and welfare of the children, unemployed, sick and the old. However, as it is shown in the essay, the Nordic model is increasingly become unsustainable due to pressures of an ageing population, globalization, immigration and the financial crisis which has engulfed the whole world. All Nordic countries provide generous pension facilities to enable the old to live a life of dignity. Thus if the number of dependents increase, it becomes increasingly difficult to finance their pension out of the income of working population. It has been assumed that in the next 3 decades the old age dependency ration will increase from 0.25 to 0.40 in the Nordic countries. It is often said that the problems of a welfare state can be circumvented by ensuring a high GDP growth. The Nordic countries should focus on increasing their GDP growth rate to mop up extra finances for their welfare schemes. In this section I will discuss the challenges of achieving high GDP growth for Nordic countries in this era of recession and globalisation. The problem for these open and free economies has been attracting investment in this climate of recession

Response to Rothstein and Jacobsens The Goals of Education Essay

Response to Rothstein and Jacobsens The Goals of Education - Essay Example History instruction was thought to teach students good judgment, enabling them to learn from prior generations’ mistakes and successes and inspiring them to develop such character traits as honesty, integrity, and compassion.†(Rothstein, et.al.) Benjamin Franklin also highlighted the importance of teaching history and â€Å"in 1749 [he] proposed that Pennsylvania establish a public school that should, he said, place as much emphasis on physical as on intellectual fitness because â€Å"exercise invigorates the soul as well as the body.† (Rothstein, et. al.)George Washington went a step further. He argued that â€Å"goals for public schools were also political and moral.†(Rothstein, et. al.) The suggestions of Thomas Jefferson were purely political. He â€Å"most often linked with education in the public mind, thought universal public education needed primarily to prepare voters to exercise wise judgment.†(Rothstein, et.al.) So, the perspective about education changed, as time rolled by and change in the political leadership of the country. I am reminded of the parable of four visually challenged (blind) persons in argument about the shape of the elephant. One had the feel of its long tail and argued that the shape of the elephant is long. The second one, who touched one of its legs, said the shape is like the tree. The third one touched its trunk and said the shaped is like a rubber hose. The fourth one had the feel of the ear and said that the shape is like a giant leaf. An eye surgeon, who listened to their conversation, took them to his dispensary, operated upon their eyes and he was able to restore the eyesight. When he showed them the elephant, they realized that their judgment was wrong. Similar is position of the politicians, sociologists, academicians and the bureaucrats, when they tender opinions and try to frame the policy on the system of education that needs to be adopted in America. None has the comprehensive outlo ok about the genuine needs of the students in a multicultural, multi-ethnic society that suffered from the bane of racism for more than two centuries. The goal of education needs to be man making. Within this broad goal, all other subsidiary yet important goals are integrated. According to the authors, reading scores alone will not go to mold an individual into a responsible citizen with abilities in the area of work ethic, physical and mental health, social skills and appreciation of the arts and literature. I am in broad agreement with the observation of the authors. The schools need to accept the challenges in these areas to enable the students to pursue their diverse goals and a new accountability system needs to be formulated. I also agree with the well-researched conclusions of the authors. The social, economic and cultural life is impacted by the materialistic civilization. With women opting out for full time jobs in a big way and with less or no time at their disposal to dev ote to their home and children, the other influencing source to mold the character of students is the school environment. Proper conditions need to be created for the school administration and the teachers, by providing them with incentives to enable them to accept the challenges with a sense of responsibility. After churning the literature on educational initiatives over the past two hundred and fifty years, the authors have listed eight important outcomes that emerge, when the educational system is poised on the brink of change. Those are: â€Å"Basic academic skills and knowledge, Critical thinking and problem solving, Appreciation of the arts and literature, Preparation for skilled employment, Social skills and work ethic,

Marketing Sun Power Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Sun Power - Case Study Example rther in the United States because its technology can be mass produced at a relative constant price due to the fact that variations in the price of silicon do not affect the production of First Solar products. â€Å"Thin-film solar, concentrated solar and wave power to name but a few, are also making significant advances thanks to substantial improvements in engineering and design† (Plunkett Research). Case Questions 1. Which marketing environment forces are likely to have the greatest impact on First Solar? The two environmental forces that will have the greatest impact on the company are natural and technological environments. Humanity is destroying the natural resources of our planet. At the current consumption rate the earth will run out of petroleum for commercial use within 30-40 years. As the natural reserves of crude oil continue to dry out the prices of fossil based energy will go up a lot. Solar energy is perfectly position to grow at exponential levels in the near f uture due to the fact that the sun is an endless raw material supply that users of the technology can access free of charge. 2. What types of organizations are most likely to exert the strongest competitive forces on First Solar? There are several types of companies that pose a threat to First Solar. The companies in its segment of the industry that manufacture solar based panel that use silicon are the main competition of the firm. Other sources of competition are nuclear, hydro-electric, wind technologies. Fossil fuels are direct competitors of all renewable energy companies. 3. How did technology affect First Solar's responses to the changes in the marketing environment? How can it continue to maintain its technological edge in its industry? First Solar has wisely invested millions of dollars in...Solar energy is perfectly position to grow at exponential levels in the near future due to the fact that the sun is an endless raw material supply that users of the technology can acces s free of charge. 2. What types of organizations are most likely to exert the strongest competitive forces on First Solar? There are several types of companies that pose a threat to First Solar. The companies in its segment of the industry that manufacture solar based panel that use silicon are the main competition of the firm. Other sources of competition are nuclear, hydro-electric, wind technologies. Fossil fuels are direct competitors of all renewable energy companies. 3. How did technology affect First Solar's responses to the changes in the marketing environment? How can it continue to maintain its technological edge in its industry? First Solar has wisely invested millions of dollars in research and development which has help the company produce technologically advanced solar cells and panels. The superior design of the firm’s product provided the company with the capabilities of producing its panels at a mass scale. The China project that will be ready in 2019 has a facility with an infrastructure of 21 square miles. In the ever changing world of the 21st century companies have to adapt to stay on top of the competition. Humans have always taken advantage of the sun’s energy, but in the 21st century society demands great utilization of this natural resource (Energyquest).

Classic Airlines and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Classic Airlines and Marketing - Essay Example irline is faced with the challenge of ensuring that they deliver quality services and at low costs so as to ensure they retain and acquire new customers (Lane & Kotler, 2006). In order for classic airlines to succeed in the market, it must foster forecasting of the market potential and demand for its products and establish long term marketing objectives. Classic airline aim is to marketing its fleet but is faced by organizational issues whereby its internal and external marketing strategies have not been able to live up to the expectations of its stakeholders. Due this, competition has undermined its profitability as customers are looking for other airlines that can satisfy their needs of lower travelling costs. This has had the effect of decreasing the lucrativeness of the company. Classic airlines needs to develop a marketing plan that will ensure that it attracts, retains customers and also boost its sales. A good marketing plan will lay down the strategies to be followed to ensure a company retains, attracts customers and also increases profitability. Classic airline has numerous challenges facing it due to the rising costs of operation and lack of innovation in the company that make it not to be able to meet consumer needs. The company is facing challenges that include decrease in its stock prices, its employee morale is low , and its loyal customers have been seeking services from other airlines. The airline needs to ensure it does environmental scanning as it will help in understanding the needs of its customers and this will further help in knowing how best to meet their needs by ascertaining that the services they offer are in line with the needs of those in need of the services (Lane & Kotler, 2006). Marketing management is required in Classic Airline as it will ensure that proper marketing strategies are put in place to ensure customers are acquired and retained. Classic Airlines should ascertain that they use marketing strategies to maximize profits

Common Essay 2.1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Common 2.1 - Essay Example The concert hall appeared inspiring to me containing pictures of great musicians hanging on its walls and having an attractive color scheme. In addition, the stage was wide and well lighted. The hall was full of people waiting for the musician to play. The curtain was shining brightly and swaying lightly in the wind. I was about to play â€Å"Chopin Variation† by Rossini. Suddenly, the curtain rose and I was struck by light. I played the piece vividly and people were able to connect to the song. The applause was like reaching up to the top of the mountain, almost overwhelming, but so worth it and their applause was another way of responding to my thought of music. My passion for music had taken me to new heights and I was grateful to my soul. I have been always rejuvenated by music and it has been a stress buster for me and a friend in all times of need. Music has given me an opportunity to work with many talented people. And now, I feel enlightened that my talent is giving in spiration to so many people. Music is so much dissolved in me that I have spent every day practicing. I work hard on music, but never feel weary of it. When I hear any Debussy pieces, I forget all my worries and troubles and they bring serenity to me. I remembered the days in school, when I used to play music and all my peers and teachers praised me. My passion for my music has encouraged me to learn more of it and seek innovation in it. I am so happy for understanding what it means to be a musician and the diligence and prestige of this career. That day at Woo Bong Art Hall, I loved to see that because the people in the hall were in utter joy. This feeling cannot be compared with anything. It was indeed out of this world. A kind of current passed from my head to toe. As I finished my performance, people started to applaud and I was extremely happy that people loved my piece. Some people climbed over to the stage to embrace me and shower their blessings. I

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF WHOLE FOODS MARKETING Research Paper

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF WHOLE FOODS MARKETING - Research Paper Example These leaders can be contacted via phone or email specified on their website. Thus, Whole Foods Market tried to help its customers and tries to give them the best possible service as well, in order to keep its customers satisfied. (Whole Foods Market, 2011) Whole Foods Market is an organization that claims that it provides its customers natural and least processed food. It is their Unique Selling Proposition that they try to give their customers products in purest form. They try not to sell products coming out of cloned animals; rather they claim to give the product in its most natural form possible. They also try not to use artificial colors or preservatives in their products. Whole Foods Market has many products but most of them are related to food and health. There are many product lines available at Whole Foods Market including Grocery, Whole Body, Premium Body Care, 365 Everyday Value, Bakery, Prepared Foods and Whole Foods Market Brand. (Whole Foods Market, 2011) Whole Foods keeps adding new product lines and should do so in order to keep its customers entertained, happy and satisfied. However, no matter what they introduce, their Unique Selling Proposition remains the same, that is, they keep giving natural and high quality products. Whole Foods Market provides its customers with the most natural products possible which gives it a completive edge in the market. Whenever it comes to pure, organic or low processed food, Whole Foods Market always comes to mind. There are competitors for Whole Foods Market but these competitors have not taken Whole Food Market’s position and this is because Whole Foods Market provides to its customers what its competitors do not. In this age where everybody is learned and is aware that in order to do something and to make a difference they need to stay healthy and in order to stay healthy they need to maintain a healthy diet. This is why Whole Foods

The impact of the foreign intervention on the uprisings during the Essay

The impact of the foreign intervention on the uprisings during the Arab spring - Essay Example Foreign intervention has played significant role in accelerating the uprising and influencing their outcome. This paper examines the impact of foreign intervention on the Arab awakening. Origin of Arab uprising The extent of foreign intervention in Arab uprising varies across the different countries that experienced or are currently undergoing the upheavals. Before investigating the various foreign interventions, it is important to investigate the underlying social, economic and political factors in various Arab countries in North Africa and Middle East. According to Timo and Mika, protests in Tunisia and Egypt were driven by similar social, economic and political motives. Uprisings in both countries took an identical course of events that ultimately resulted to the fall of the existing governments. The dissatisfaction with the economic situation played a critical role in causing the uprising in Egypt and Tunisia. For several decades, both countries had initiated economic reforms to stimulate and enhance trade in the region in response to globalization. However, the reforms adversely affected the living standards of the majority middle and low-income groups creating resentment. Prior to the uprising in Tunisia and Egypt, majority of the citizens experienced decline in real wages, high inflation, and increasing levels of unemployment. The situation was worse among the youth, especially graduates, who experienced high levels of unemployment (Kitchen, 14). The â€Å"Jasmine Revolution† that was precursor to Arab spring in Tunisian was started by unemployed graduate Mohamed Bouazizi who set himself ablaze after he was denied authority to sell groceries in the streets of a Tunisian city(Kumaraswamy, 6) Although the economic reforms generated significant job opportunities, in these regions, most jobs were low skilled and of dismal wages. Moreover, the high population growth in these countries has not been accompanied by proportionate economic growth to absorb the citizens into the labor market. A combination of these factors left many unemployed and middle class youth disillusioned with countries’ political systems (Kumaraswamy, 6). The political structure in Egypt and Tunisia also played a critical role in causing the uprising. According to Timo and Mika, the political governance in these countries is dictatorial, where cronyism and nepotism reigned supreme. The poor, â€Å"unconnected† and educated individuals lacked access to employment opportunities while the crony capitalism amassed wealth and power in the country at the expense of meritocracy (5-6). The disenchanted but educated youth formed the core of the uprising in the affected countries. Political oppression is another major defining characteristic of the countries affected by the uprising. For long period, leadership in the affected Arabic countries has been autocratic, suppressing fundamental human rights and freedoms. In Egypt, the leadership of President Hosn i Mubarak was characterized by ruthless crackdown on public protests and other forms of expression. In addition, the government manipulated elections in favor of the incumbent, who had remained in power for over three decades. The government utilized state security agencies to

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF WHOLE FOODS MARKETING Research Paper

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF WHOLE FOODS MARKETING - Research Paper Example These leaders can be contacted via phone or email specified on their website. Thus, Whole Foods Market tried to help its customers and tries to give them the best possible service as well, in order to keep its customers satisfied. (Whole Foods Market, 2011) Whole Foods Market is an organization that claims that it provides its customers natural and least processed food. It is their Unique Selling Proposition that they try to give their customers products in purest form. They try not to sell products coming out of cloned animals; rather they claim to give the product in its most natural form possible. They also try not to use artificial colors or preservatives in their products. Whole Foods Market has many products but most of them are related to food and health. There are many product lines available at Whole Foods Market including Grocery, Whole Body, Premium Body Care, 365 Everyday Value, Bakery, Prepared Foods and Whole Foods Market Brand. (Whole Foods Market, 2011) Whole Foods keeps adding new product lines and should do so in order to keep its customers entertained, happy and satisfied. However, no matter what they introduce, their Unique Selling Proposition remains the same, that is, they keep giving natural and high quality products. Whole Foods Market provides its customers with the most natural products possible which gives it a completive edge in the market. Whenever it comes to pure, organic or low processed food, Whole Foods Market always comes to mind. There are competitors for Whole Foods Market but these competitors have not taken Whole Food Market’s position and this is because Whole Foods Market provides to its customers what its competitors do not. In this age where everybody is learned and is aware that in order to do something and to make a difference they need to stay healthy and in order to stay healthy they need to maintain a healthy diet. This is why Whole Foods

The Last of the Mohicans - Accuracy Report Essay Example for Free

The Last of the Mohicans Accuracy Report Essay Question: To what extent is the film The Last of the Mohicans an accurate portrayal of historical events? The last of the Mohicans, the film, was based on a novel by James Fenemore Cooper. It is a fictional story set in an historical time. The movie is based on The French and Indian War also known as The 7 Year War. The war started in 1756 and ended in 1763. The French and English were fighting each other for the land between their two settlements and the possession of America. At the start of the movie, it tells you that the year is 1757, the third year of the war. But in fact 1757 was the second year of the war because the war started in 1756. This means that the third year of the war would have to have been 1758. The countries involved in the war were England and France plus the Native Americans (Huron, Ohawa and Mohawks). This was accurately portrayed in the film. The cause of conflict between the two countries was the fact that the English started to setting up farms in French Territory and the French werent to happy. There had been conflict before the war but this was the strew that broke the camels back. Some Native American tribes decided to side with the countries fighting by making deals with them. The Mohawks decided to side with England but the Huron and the Ohawa tribes decided to fight with the French because the French had always been better to the Native Americans then the English had been. The locations and their names were accurate in the film. The three forts were Fort William Henry, Fort Edward and Alburney. They were all placed inside the fought over land between the French and English settlement. In the film there were three Military Leaders. These were General Webb (British), Colonel Munro (British) and General Montcalm (French). It is a historical fact that these three men did exist during this time. The movies terrain was accurate to what it was like back then. They were situated in the mountains with lots of tree cover which made it hard too fight because it gave the troops more places to hide and made it easy to ambush a moving party. The Costumes of the actors and actress were accurate to what they wear back in those times. The Military wore the red coats with their black hats, black boots and black pants. The colonists were wearing everyday farming clothes that were worn and old and the Native Americans were wearing animal skins, feathers and strange hair styles as they did back then. The Native Americans used knives and spears as weapons, which were all hand made by their people like they would have been back then. The Troops and colonists used shoot guns, swords and those guns with the swords on the end, which would have been shipped over from England and France. The weapons were accurate to those that would have been used back then. The Native Americans and France used a different style of fighting to what the English used. The English would just stand in line and fire, making it easy for them to be shot because they were not protected. Where as the French and Native Americans would hide behind trees, bushes, etc, and fire from were they where. This way the English wouldnt know where they were and they had protection. We get to see in the movie that the Native Americans were very brutal in the way they killed people and they way they scalped their victims. The English  and French killed people as easily and quickly as possible. The Native Americans liked to make people suffer. But the Native Americans were more caring when it came to the way they respected the environment. Because they lived off the land, they respected the land and I tried to give back to the land. A good example of this in the film was at the start when they killed the dear. Once they had killed it, they prayed for it and thank it for giving them food to keep them alive. They called it brother like it was part of their family. The British Army didnt care much for the colonists. For all they were concerned, the colonists were there for their convenience. They were there to help them fight and win the war. Thats all they cared about. The colonists werent happy by this. They were promised by Munro that they could go help their families if they were under attack. But when this happened, Munro would not let them go. The colonists were extremely mad. They hated the British Army for this. But the British Army and the colonists needed to stick together to fight the war. Otherwise they would not win. If they went their separate ways, they would not have enough power to defeat the French. The French were nice to the Native Americans when they first settled but when it came to the war, all they wanted was for them to fight for the French and they didnt care about the rest of the deal they made with them. The English were the same but they had treated the Native Americans worse when they had settled, so not many Native Americans liked them. At Fort William Henry, the English didnt have enough man power to beat the French. With some of the colonist sneaking out to help their familles and no back up from Fort Edward, they had to surrender because they could not win. The French promised the English that they would become prisoners of war and would be safely lead back to Fort Edward were they could stay with their families and not be harmed. But the Native Americans didnt like this. They were promised that they could kill the English and scalp them but the French went back on their word. The Native Americans were extremely mad and ambushed the English Party while they were being escorted to Fort Edward. The Native Americans killed the English and the French and scalped them. Even though the movie was historical correct in most ways, there was still some fiction in it. It is true that there was an existence of a tribe called the Mohicans (later to disappear due to European settlement) but there is no proof that there was an existence of the three heroes (Nathaniel/Hawkeye, Uncas and Chingachcook) said to be the last of the Mohicans. Munro didnt send for his daughters in the middle of the war so they couldnt have been any romance between the eldest daughter and Nathaniel. And finally, they portrayed the English to be the heroes and the French to be the villains, when really both of the countries were in the wrong so none of them were heroes. The film is an accurate portrayal of historical events, as long as you take out the main characters, the love story and the hero and villains aspect. Everything else is historically correct, from what they wore, to what the terrain was like, to the countries involved, to what weapons they used.

Technology and Social Issues in Africa

Technology and Social Issues in Africa Nigel McKelvey   For many in the western world, the perception of Africa is one of starving children and war torn countries. But 21st century Africa is a continent that is attempting to dispel the old imagery and is ready to compete with the rest of the world when it comes to embracing technology. The major success of the mobile phone industry has revolutionised how the people of Africa live, work, learn and communicate. Technology has changed industry in Africa, while natural resources are still being mined by international companies with no benefit to its people, there is now an opportunity for individuals to reap the rewards of this new revolution as the skills are accessible and have allowed many individuals to empower themselves and realise their potential. A technical hub in Nairobi, Kenya is a huge success storey that can be replicated anywhere throughout Africa; because it is the people that are the greatest resource and not the blood diamonds or crude oil that others have been exploiting for decades. The hub has become so successful it has been dubbed Silicon Savanah. There are currently developing a 5000-acre site to develop the Konzo Techno City, the first of its kind in Africa. It is attracting major global companies such as Samsung, Blackberry and Huawei and when completed in 2025 will have 200,000 people working and living there. This is working proof that the African people given the same opportunities as the western world can serve as major competitors in the global market. Africa, colonisation, poverty, mobile phones, child labour, cocoa farming, Silicon Savanah. The media have been consistently severe in their portrayal of the African continent throughout the years. The Africa that the west perceive is one that Chavis,(1998) suggests as being as dark as the pervasive fear conjured up in the their minds. With constant images of famine and skeletal children viewed on television screens by millions throughout the decades, it is difficult to invoke a reimaging of the country as the problem still exists to a lesser extent. Many African countries are still suffering and reports that another major famine is imminent, which could affect forty-nine million people across southern Africa (Robb, 2016). In the last six years, there have been more wars in Africa than anywhere else on the planet (Arieff, 2016). The wars are ongoing and it is a struggle to establish economic and social growth in countries that are at war and those surrounding them. In Northern Africa, there are nine countries at war or have internal unrest, in central Africa there are three, in the east there are four while South Africa is also looking at unrest as support for the ANC is declining due to accusations of corruption (Timeslive, 2016). It is one of the major problems that affects the progression of a vast continent, each country has such varied and unique characteristics to offer the world, yet hindered by government corruption, conflict and poverty. In addition to this Birrell (2012) suggests there is a disconnect between what the western perception of Africa is and its fast-changing reality causing a lack of financial investment. Although these issues currently impede the economic growth of Africa and the social welfare of its citizens that live in the 54 countries that make up the continent, there is a change taking place where the digital age is being embraced and in doing so a new Africa is evolving. With a country that has only 40% reliable energy supply and 20% having access to the Internet, there is a new wave of optimism coming from an impending digital and cultural revolution (Kanza, 2016). This paper will look at how the social issues have improved with the introduction of new technologies especially the success of the mobile phone; it is a technology that has united the continent. Subscriptions for mobile phones have now surpassed half a billion and it is expected that 54% of the continent will be connected by 2020 (GSMA, 2016). The largest market for mobile phones are Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa, with countries such as Kenya, who have a population of 45 million having subscriptions of 38 million (Mutiga, A., Flood, Z.,2016), which is more than 84% of the people in the country. The lack of infrastructure with unreliable and scarce fixed line telephone has contributed to the success of these devices and has given countries throughout the continent a freedom and new opportunities unheard of before. The effect of colonisation in Africa since the 1870s by European countries has played a major part on how the continent is perceived today. Before the European Renaissance, Africans were building cities earlier than the Greeks or Romans and had developed writing skills in the form of scripts such as Demotic and Hieratic (Pheko, 2012). It was a continent that was always rich in resources such as oil, coal and diamonds, but few countries within the continent rarely profit from them only other countries and multinationals (BBC News, 2012). Since the end of colonisation, little has changed in the way the many African countries have suffered, especially at the hands of their own governments who made deals with the devil. Multinational companies and foreign countries are still instrumental in the unethical exchange of billions of dollars to leaders and warlords to extract rich resources that they will greatly profit from while they allow the countries people to starve and be murdered. Any profits that are generated are never invested back into the country or its people (Pear, 2014). A continent that was historically ahead of its time had become a mere shadow of its former self. When the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt made a trip to Gambia in 1943, he was shocked at the conditions its people were living in and was quoted saying Its the most horrible thing I have ever seen in my life. The natives are five thousand years back of us. The British have been there for two hundred years for every dollar that the British have put into Gambia, they have taken out ten. Its just plain exploitation of those people. 74 years later countries are still being pilfered and little has changed in the way of financial investment in many countries that could greatly benefit from a fraction of the profits made by foreign countries or global corporations. With Africa having one of the youngest populations in the world, and an average age of 19.5 years (Worldometers, 2017), with 60% under 35 years old (Some, 2014); it is not surprising that it is a continent embracing the technical revolution. With new technology, brings an innovative era for millions regarding information relating to social aspects such as health, farming, business and education issues. The mobile phone market has grown so much in Africa, that it will generate one tenth of the GNP by 2020. Mutiga, and Flood (2016) suggest that by the end of the decade there will be 657 million mobile broadband connections, contributing $300 billion to sub-Saharan Africas economy. It is ironic that the success of this new technology has created a child labour market in its own continent. The Democratic Republic of the Congo produces half the worlds supply of Cobalt; a metal that can retain it magneticity at high temperatures, which is used in the manufacture of mobile phones, car batteries and computers (Bell, 2016). The 16 multinational brands that use this metal, including Apple, Microsoft and Sony; are aware that the mines that they are purchasing from use children as 7 years old, getting paid $1 a day for working in life threating conditions companies (Kelly, 2016). Amnesty International have been investigating the practice and have traced the supply chain of the mined metal to companies such as Volkswagen, Daimler and Samsung. Having received the list of companies that were recorded as customers of the battery manufacturer that uses the metal, only one admitted that they were aware of the connection of the cobalt mines and the batteries. None of the companies could provide any details to verify where they were sourcing their battery products (Amnesty International, 2016). The car companies involved use the metal as a key component in the lithium-ion batteries, while the marketing focus is encouraging the potential buyer to consider purchasing their product because it is environmentally responsible thing to do. The demand for electric cars is expected to reach 17 million by 2030 which will invariably increase the demand for cobalt and the expectation is already pushing up the price of the metal (Desai, 2016). While the process of extracting coba lt has now become mainstream knowledge, it has not hindered the sales of smartphones or electric cars nor will it as the public want to enjoy the benefits of having these goods without wanting to know what was involved in its production. Child labour does not only extend to the mining industry; the farming community also exploit children for labour and involved in the slave industry. Cocoa farming in countries like Ghana and the Ivory Coast contribute to a large part of its exports with over 60% of revenue generated alone from cocoa. Large international companies such as Hersheys, Mars and Nestlà © use the farms to supply the demand for their chocolate bars. The farms are generating so much money for the countries, that their governments are turning a blind eye to the amount of child slavery and kidnapping that is prevalent in these countries to keep up with demand and keep prices low for the large global customers. There are now estimated to be 1.8 million children working in dire conditions, where they are barely fed and working with dangerous pesticides and tools. In Ghana, 73.6% of rural children work in these types of farms with children as young as five have been reported to be working, with little chance of g etting a decent education; they may spend the rest of their lives been exploited by these farmers (Mull and Kirhorn, 2005). With the chocolate industry, worth $100 billion (OKeefe, 2016), the demand for young workers will not stop. This can only be stopped through government intervention and the chocolate manufacturers paying a reasonable price for the cocoa they procure for a minimal cost at the expense of the countrys children. The governments behaviour in the past, only further damages the chance of fair working practices and pay. Three journalists who reported the findings of a government probe into the corruption in the cocoa export trade, were detained until they disclosed the source of the findings, whilst another journalist went missing in 2004 when investigating the practices of the Ivory Coast Government and the cocoa industry (Crawford, 2005). The cocoa farmer is at the mercy of the suppliers, who along with the corrupt governments dictate the price they receive for their crops, ensuring the farmer and the workers stay in uneducated and poor because it suits their needs. The responsibility of the multinationals and the consumers of chocolate must decide where their conscience lie. The more consumers demand that the cocoa that produces the chocolate they so readily enjoy; comes from ethically sourced farms, only then can there be some movement in how the farmer can relieve young workers from their farms. By using mobile technology as an information tool cocoa farmers can use mobile devices to gain essential market knowledge relating to crop and animal prices. They also can sign up to information centres where they can educate themselves about best practice and the introduction of new techniques in different areas of farming that can help with increasing productivity and profits, whilst informing about proper pest control and correct disease management of their animals. In Senegal, a company called Mlouma offer farmers a service where they are informed on a timely basis of the best prices for selling and buying agricultural products (Omondi, 2014). This gives the farmers a market knowledge they never had before and enables them to get the best price for the product they work so hard to produce. A similar premise called Esoko began in Uganda and is now also successful in Tanzania and Kenya. It offers a central virtual market place, where the farmer is informed of market prices by SMS and part of their services includes a call centre where illiterate farmers can have access to the same information while also allowing farmers to put money aside or borrow money to buy necessary farming equipment (esoko, 2017). The cocoa industry may be corrupt, but by the farmers becoming more knowledgeable about the prices that are available, there may come a time where they get to demand a fair price for their goods based on what the information acquired through the established network creating using this technology. There are similar services throughout Africa that exist to empower individuals throughout the many areas of the production within the continent. Fishermen, fish processors and traders can avail of the service called EFMIS-ke. It is an electronic fish market information system that was launched in Kenya to combat the waste of post-harvest fish which was costing over 450,000 Euros annually. Data from fish landing sites and markets are continually uploaded onto a central database to be processed, which in turn is shared with users who can make informed decisions on where to sell or buy the fish depending on the going price (Nyabundi, 2017). While technology has allowed farmers and fishermen to gain a new perspective on how get the most from their product, there are still many social issues that blight the way. Strass, (2016) suggests that Africa must overcome 6 major challenges to make way for a better future. Low Economic growth rate. This is due to the oil prices and exports falling and the richer economies suffering from the after-effects of the Arab spring Libya, Egypt and Tunisia. This is all about to change according to Barton (2016), who believes technology is one of the 3 trends that will ensure an economic and social change for Africa in the future. The first, by having the largest working population in the world by 2034. The second where the cities are becoming ever larger and becoming more productive and the third where technology will help bypass the infrastructure issues that are so prevalent within the continent. Lack of Industrial Development. Industrial development in Africa has not grown since the 1970s. Page (2014) believes it is a combination of bad luck and government policy that has left the continent 40 years behind the rest of the world. Bad luck, in terms of the economic crisis that occurred globally in the 1970s and 1980s, which brought about a macroeconomic strategy where governments and banks made policies to keep inflation to a minimum. When Africa came out of its economic recession, the rest of the worlds economy had grown with inflation and Africa could no longer compete. Bad policies were put in place to reduce imports and attempt to increase exports, but little understanding of the global market place meant they were doomed to fail. Poverty, hunger, poor education, ill health and violence. Although the situation is slowly improving, the living standard in comparison to the rest of the world seems bleak. The Democratic Republic of Congo; Africas second largest country, is the poorest country in the world. Out of 20 of the countries in the world with the worst food and nutrition provisions, 19 of those are in Africa (Barton, 2016). Only through education and intervention from governments can there be any kind of social escalation in these countries. Urban slums. 60% of people living in African cities are living in slum areas. As more of the surrounding land becomes urbanised, the larger the slums are growing. Programs are in place such as the UNHabitat who are working with governments to acquire lands, but the slums are growing faster, with expectations that by 2050 1.26 billion people will be living in cities; only further exasperating the issue. Corruption The chair of the Transparency International Josà © Ugaz said Corruption creates and increases poverty and exclusion. While corrupt individuals with political power enjoy a lavish life, millions of Africans are deprived of their basic needs like food, health, education, housing, access to clean water and sanitation, (Veselinovic ,2016). Needs such as attending a doctor do not come easily for some citizens in many African countries. In Liberia, 7 out of 10 people claim to have paid bribes to access services such as healthcare or education. In Zimbabwe, a man who raped a 9-year-old year which resulted in her being infected with HIV; was released in secret because he paid a bribe. It is estimated that nearly 75 million people in Sub Saharan Africa have paid a bribe to officials to stay away from court and for basic services that they badly need (Transparency.org, 2015). Global Trade Partnerships. The African Growth and Opportunity Act is a trade agreement established by President George Bush in 2000, with an aim to develop market access to the United States for countries with Sub-Saharan African countries who adhere to certain human rights conditions and labour laws. This has afforded countries such as Tanzania, Kenya and Ethiopia to export $1billion in clothes to the United States with no tariffs (Schneidman, 2016). The worry for African countries with amendments to the Trans-Pacific Partnership was that other countries were attempting to get tariffs reduced and increase their exports to the United States. Since President Trump has withdrawn from the negotiations on the 23rd of January, the TTP may be dead in the water. What the growing concern now for the United States is that the Chinese are trading with them through the back door as they own many of the clothing factories that are exporting to them (Thomas, 2017). In a continent where hardship and starvation is commonplace, it is difficult to see a light at the end of the tunnel from an outsiders perspective. Africa had never experienced any of the fortunes that North Europe gained from the industrial revolution (Armstrong, 2013), but it seems they do not want to bypass the digital revolution that is currently exploding throughout the continent, which to many may seem surprising that a continent so full of old traditions; such as men kidnapping a bride in Sudan (Hearfield, 2014) or negotiating a price for a bride in Southern Africa (Ziddina, 2009). They are a highly superstitious group of countries where the existence of witches is still believed to be true (Radford, 2010); all of which is deemed archaic by the western world, have surprisingly embraced technology with great ease. This may be because the technology that exists today and is being made available to them suits their needs. Technology is defined as the branch of knowledge that deal s with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment. Technology has created so many opportunities in Africa and has allowed it to leap into the 21st century with the same enthusiasm the rest of the world has. TU Delft are a group of Global Initiative Scientists who are using high tech science to find solutions for problems people are facing in developing countries (TUDelft, 2017). They have just been given the green light to start on 7 new projects in Africa; they include: Affordable housing Using technology to develop new design methods for low-cost housing in Addis Ababa where 75% of its people live in slums. Building Adaptive Cities Working with local authorities and it citizens during the stages of urban development to look at solutions on how the city and its people serve each other in the future. Water Balance in the Zambezi River Basin. The Zambezi river basin is shared by 8 countries and is home to 2 of the worlds largest reservoirs. The construction of the 2 dams had a massive impact on the basin and the studies will be carried out to predict floods and water levels which have affected its natural habitat and its people. Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Detection of Malaria New technology in mobile phones is being proposed in the detection of Tuberculosis which kills millions of people each year, while an optical device is being developed to identify the presence of malaria. Biogas Fuel Cell System in Rural Areas Biogas Fuel Cell System is where a fuel such as gas is converted into electricity, a technology that IKEA is known for using in the United States (Bioenergy, 2017). TU is hoping to use this technology in remote areas (Holland, 2016). These new technologies can only be good for a continent that has suffered hardship throughout the last 400 years; from the colonisers to the corrupt governments and leaders who live lavish lifestyles while they let their people suffer. The technologies are a plaster on a large wound that requires proper attention. The mobile phone and tablet technology however is an accessible one that everyone can benefit from and requires little or no technical ability to use. It is why it has been so successful in areas such as banking where in Kenya, Sudan and Gabon have 50% of adults using online banking. This is also true of online education tools that are so popular that the market is set to be worth $530million this year. These types of online tools are helping young people get an education they may otherwise not afford to or have access to without this technology. Health education is also another use of the mobile technology where information is disseminated to the masses at the click of a b utton, which was unthinkable in the 1980s (Ogunlesi, 2012). It is now an opportunity for Africa to shine as it once was and to lose its unfounded title that once was the dark continent. References Chavis, R. (1998). Africa in the Western Media. Available: http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Workshop/chavis98.html. Last accessed 22nd February2017. Robb, S. (2016). Worst famine in 25 years on the way in Africa UN warns Read more: http://metro.co.uk/2016/05/22/worst-famine-in-25-years-on-the-way-in-africa-un-warns-5897847/#ixzz4YHhheJf5. Available: http://metro.co.uk/2016/05/22/worst-famine-in-25-years-on-the-way-in-africa-un-warns-5897847/. Last accessed 10th February 2017. Arieff, I. (2016). Africas War Problem. Available: http://www.passblue.com/2016/07/12/africas-war-problem/. Last accessed 10th February 2017. Civil unrest and crime warning for South Africa. (2016). Available: http://www.timeslive.co.za/local/2016/06/08/Civil-unrest-and-crime-warning-for-South-Africa1. Last accessed 10th February 2017. Birrell, I. (2012). Our image of Africa is hopelessly obsolete. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/aug/26/ian-birrell-emergence-new-africa. Last accessed 10th February 2017. Kanza, E. S. (2016). Africas digital revolution: a look at the technologies, trends and people driving it. 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Crawford, J. (2005). Disappeared: Guy-Andrà © Kieffer missing in Ivory Coast. Available: https://cpj.org/reports/2005/05/kieffer-disappeared-journalist.php. Last accessed 10th March 2017. Worldometers (2017). Africa Population (LIVE). Available: http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/africa-population/. Last accessed 10th February 2017. Some, D. (2014). Connecting Africa: The best investments in the next generation. Available: http://www.africaprogresspanel.org/connecting-africa-the-best-investments-in-the-next-generation/?gclid=CJb5trzEiNICFYEV0wodYaEItw. Last accessed 11th February 2017. Omondi, F. (2014). Mlouma.com Improving Market Knowledge in Senegal Agriculture Industry. Available: http://innov8tiv.com/mlouma-com-improving-market-knowledge-senegalese-agricultural-industry/. Last accessed 11th February 2017. Esoko (2017). CONNECTING YOU TO RURAL MARKETS. Available: https://www.esoko.com/. Last accessed 11th February 2017. Nyabundi, D. (2017). 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Free Argumentative Essays: The Ethics of Euthanasia :: Free Euthanasia Essay

The Ethics of Euthanasia      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Euthanasia, also mercy killing, practice of ending a life so as to release an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering. The term is sometimes used generally to refer to an easy or painless death. Voluntary euthanasia involves a request by the dying patient or that person's legal representative. Passive or negative euthanasia involves not doing something to prevent death-that is, allowing someone to die; active or positive euthanasia involves taking deliberate action to cause a death.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Euthanasia has been accepted both legally and morally in various forms in many societies. In ancient Greece and Rome it was permissible in some situations to help others die.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the rise of organized religion, euthanasia became morally and ethically abhorrent. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all hold human life sacred and condemn euthanasia in any form.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Following traditional religious principles, Western laws have generally considered the act of helping someone to die a form of homicide subject to legal sanctions. Even a passive withholding of help to prevent death has frequently been severely punished. Euthanasia, however, occurs secretly in all societies, including those in which it is held to be immoral and illegal.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organizations supporting the legalization of voluntary euthanasia were established in Great Britain in 1935 and in the United States in 1938. They have gained some public support, but so far they have been unable to achieve their goal in either nation. In the last few decades, Western laws against passive and voluntary euthanasia have slowly been eased, although serious moral and legal questions still exist.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Critics point to the so-called euthanasia committees in Nazi Germany that were empowered to condemn and execute anyone found to be a burden to the state. This instance of abuse of the power of life and death has long served as a warning to some against allowing the practice of euthanasia.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The pro-euthanasia, or "right to die," movement has received considerable encouragement by the passage of laws in 40 states by 1990, which allow legally competent individuals to make "living wills." These wills empower and instruct doctors to withhold life-support systems if the individuals become terminally ill.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The medical profession has generally been caught in the middle of

The Theory of Attributions Essay -- Psychology

Attributions are referred to as the causes of behaviour, and these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. Constructing attributions allows an understanding of others. This allows us to make judgments, which in turn allow us to form an impression of an individual, which will either promote or inhibit our interaction with that individual. Attribution is an important aspect of human behaviour, as it allows predications to be made with respect to forthcoming actions. Attribution explains human causal reasoning i.e. the idea that observed behaviour can be explained as being the result of a specific cause; there is an explanation or a reason behind all observed behaviour. Attribution theorists not only focus on the actual causes of behaviour, but also upon the perceived causes too. The psychology discipline has conducted extensive research into attribution. Kelly and Michela (1980), reported over 900 attribution studies which were conducted in the 1970’s. There are many Attribution theories that aim to unravel the causes of human reasoning. The three main theories to be discussed in this essay are Heider (1958), Kelley (1967) and Jones and Davis (1956). Attributions are referred to as the causes of behaviour; these can be viewed as dispositional or situational. The Construction of attributions allows an understanding of others. This also assists make judgments which in turn allow us to form an impression of an individual, which will either promote or inhibit our interaction with the individual. Attribution is an important aspect of human behaviour, as this allows a predication of forthcoming actions. Human causal reasoning is the idea that behaviour observed can be explained by a cause; there is an explanation or a re... ...rey & Felman 1991;Wilkening &Lamsful 1993). Gigerenzer (1991) suggests humans use â€Å"tools† and methods similar to those used by scientists. These theories have been useful as they have been used as a foundation to develop more current improved theories. Social Psychology continues to advance therefore the research needs to be updated to the society we live in. The traditional attribution theories can be useful to the modern world but do not necessarily apply to all cultures and individuals. Theories must be able to be generalizable to the majority therefore individual differences must be taken into account when developing new theories. Although the theorists have been criticised for being simplistic and out-dated the ideas are very influential. The ideas from these traditional theories continue to be used as a foundation for the forthcoming theories.