First person point of view in “Raymond’s Run” and “Cathedral” Essay

The reasons of Raymonds Run and cathedral, both use a foremost person point of ascertain in their short stories. In Raymonds Run, by Toni Cade Bambara, the world-class person point of view video displays how the cashier is dealing with the situations around her and maturing in the process. In Cathedral, by Raymond Carver, the chitchatator cornerstone inspect the change in the narrators sagacity of the unsighted part through different situations that happens throughout the story. Both beginnings arouse similar purposes in chief when they were writing the story, they both wanted to show the growth and transition of the narrators. The use of the archetypal person point of view makes it easier for the readers to see the thoughts and emotions that are being experienced by the narrator, which will confuse us a better insight into their thinking and actions.In Raymonds Run, the narrator of the story is cobnut, and the whole story is seen through her eyes. In the beginn ing of the story, the reader finds out that filbert looks after her older familiar with a mental disorder. She does non mind looking after her brother, and she is also really protective of him because many people like to make play of him and he also gets himself in trouble. cobnuts protectiveness of her brother can be seen when Hazel says, If anybody has anything to say to Raymond, anything about his big head, they have to conform to by me. She is also a very boastful weensy girl, particularly when it comes to her trial, she thinks that no one can even come close to her running speed. Her boastfulness can bee seen in the third paragraph when she says, There is no track meet that I dont win the frontmost place medal.As the story moves along, Hazel bumps into a clustering of girls that she does not really like and confronts them. She especially does not like Gretchen because Gretchen is Hazels main competitor. Then a transition occurs when Raymond is calling Hazel and ratt ling the fence like a gorilla in a cage. She realizes that she already has a lot of medals and ribbons, but Raymond has nothing, and also realizes that Raymond is a very fast runner who has the potential to become a winner. So, it does not matter if she wins, loses or ties the race because she can always retire and discipline Raymond. Through the first person point of view, the reader can see the personal experiences that Hazel goes through, and how she came to understand that winning was not everything, she should help others make love winning andshe could gain respect for someone through competition.In Cathedral, maintain is telling the story from his point of view, which is in first person. The reader can see that in the beginning of the story, the narrator appears to be antipathetical and irritated because his wife invites her stratagem friend to stay for the night. The husband does not want the blind man to stay at his house because he does not understand the blind man and the blind mans relationship with his wife. To alleviate some of his uneasiness, the narrator makes a brainless comment to his wife about taking the blind man bowling. Then, when the blind man comes, he asks the blind man which side of the train was he school term on. Gradually, as the evening wears on, the narrator begins to relax with the blind man. They start tipsiness and smoking weed together, eventually the narrator turns on the television.When the show on cathedrals is showing, the narrator tries to describe a cathedral in words to the blind man. When that does not succeed, the blind man asks the narrator to help draw a cathedral. They start by having the blind man hold the narrators eliminate as he draws a cathedral on a paper bag. The blind man tells the narrator to close his eyes and draw. So the narrator complies and closes his eyes and draws, saying, So we kept on with it. His fingers rode my fingers as my hand went over the paper. It was like nothing in my life up to direct. The ending reveals to us that the narrator is learning more about himself and piece communication than the blind man is learning about cathedrals. Through the first person point of view, the experience of the successful communication between the blind man and the narrator allows the reader to see the transformation that occurs in the narrator.In both of the stories, the authors basically have the same purpose in mind when they are using the first person point of view. From all the events that happened to Hazel in Raymonds Run, it is clear that the author used the first person point of view to see the change and growth in her thinking. Hazel went from a very anti feminine, competitive and straightforward little girl to a mature, and respectful little girl. In Cathedral, the author uses the husband as the narrator because the author wants us to see how the husband interacts with the blind man and slowly understands him. With the first person point of view, the author genera lly wants their readers to geta more personal understanding of the narrator and how they see things. Therefore, in both these stories, the authors purpose was to show the changes that occur to the narrators of individually story.

How is an “Unwoman” Defined? Essay

Historically, women and children were under the control of the father of the family. The role of women was to born(p) babies and run the house. In the novel The Handmaids Tale, Marg bet Atwood depicts a society dominated and ruled by men. Those who reject social social organization and authority of males argon treated as unwomen. Most of them are feminists and malformed babies. These categories of people are useless for Gilead, because they cannot perform their main function run pregnant and born healthy babies.Unwomen were females who reject the idea of male dominance and fight against oppression and sexual violence, low social role and light treatment. Offred (and her mother) is a radical feminist which fights for freedom and a womens shade. Radical ideas allow her to make sense of her own live as part of communal experiences in male-dominated societies. As a radical feminist, she focuses governmental attention on patriarchal oppression in every area of womens lives. The author of the article does not directly speak nearly Offred attitude towards a Superior society, but it is possible to assume that she would equalize with this idea.The idea of women as a crystalize identifies oppressed women as having common interests against men, since men have common interests in dominating women. In the class system, men benefit from patriarchal beliefs and practices which ensure that women service their needs, raise their children and are excluded from political and economic power. Offred tries to prove that women possess superior values against men. Offred recalls a scene in which her mother and other feminists burn porn magazines. To both(prenominal) extent, this remark shows that feminists try to be equal to men and could build a Superior society free from sexual violence and tyranny.Women have to prove consciousness of their interests as a class, and to struggle against men and against the organization of patriarchy. gender is seen as more fundamental than class in the organization of womens oppression. Atwood underlines that Offred considered her body an instrument of her desires. But as long as women are looked upon as a class, then the differences between women are not seen as of prime importance, as they have common class interests which unite them against men.References 1. Themes, Motifs & Symbols.

A Review of A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking

The field of Science, crackicularly cosmology or the physical knowledge concerning the history and maturation of the being, is truly an interesting and remark equal subject matter. However, understanding and ultimately appreciating the entailment of the said discipline ar another aspects.Hence, it is valuable that such field is introduced, explored, evaluated and fully realized in two analytical and fascinating ways. This is because it is only under such dower that a complicated matter wish Science, specifically the facts relating to the creation and development of the Universe, is simplified and ultimately recognized of its purpose and essence.Presented with such situation, it is now practicable to ask how can quite a little and the society in general is able to simplify a complex and app arntly an intriguing field like Science. In particular, the challenge of in effect presenting the historical account and all the necessary details close the beginning and evolution of the Universe may be difficult to achieve.This is where a non-traditional approach to the field is necessary helpful. That is, the technicalities of the origin and eventual development of the Universe are presented in ways understandable to pose people or the non-scientific public. The successful transformation of Science, from a complicated to a simple field or subject, manifests the undeniable potence on the part of a person or material that aimed to modify Science or the study of the Universe.The said condition was the efficient effort undertaken by divinatory physicist and source Stephen Hawking in his 1988 take for A brief business relationship of term. The said literary work succeeded in presenting the field of Science, particularly the luck regarding the start of the Universe, in a manner only true physical comprehension is able to do and provide.Apart from such strict scientific founding however, the compose and his guard are best to be acclaimed for the abil ity to illustrate, explain and at last made people understand the topic in simple manner. The significant scientific features of the book unquestionably serve as its assets but it is therefrom ones supposition especially towards the simplicity of the book that makes the material ultimately valuable.Valuable FeaturesAt the onset, the most-valuable features of the Hawking book rely on its strict adherence to the scientific creation and evolution of the Universe. As far as true-blooded physicists are concern, A Brief History of Time offers little or even zippo new details and insights about the study of physical science, the Universe in particular.For people who are new or unfamiliar especially those who are totally oblivious of the said subject matters, the book however definitely serves as a valuable material. In fact, Hawking by dint of his book provides a venue where readers are comforted in their search for answers to scientific questions. This is because the technicalitie s of the topics featured in the book were presented and explained in ways understandable to unremarkable people.The features of the book include a general and wide look at the major concepts or theories on the field of theoretical physics. The book in addition features clear-cut presentations and explanations of complicated topics concerning the study of Physics like the origin of the Universe. Additionally, the author engages in attractive approach as the book shows inviting illustrations all end-to-end (Hawking, 1988).Specifically, the Hawking book features several valuable scientific topics. These include the uncollectible Bang Theory, the law of gravity, black holes, time quality, light cones and answers to a fibril of scientific theories that even physicists have long been searching for.The books clear presentation of deep science or the technical circumstances of the origin of the Universe and other physics-related concepts, in effect, shows the effectiveness of the autho r in the field that he masters. Through these features, the book succeeds in its purpose to strictly focus on key scientific topics. While the book presents the origin of time through the image of tortoise at the start, such attempt paves the way for the realization that people indeed learn about science because of its historical perspective (Hawking, 1988).Valuable ImpressionThe relevance of the book is apparent for it enables the readers to leave valuable impression or stamp towards the content and significance of the material. On a personal note, A Brief History of Time allows me to have a glimpse of the historical evolution of the Universe or the field of theoretical physics in general. The book offers real physics in a manner that is understandable to both science-oriented people and non-scientists. Beyond such effort, my important view and impression about the book is all about its effectiveness in simplifying the field of science to an ordinary reader like me.It is definite ly important that a science material like the Hawking book strictly observes or follows the fundamental principle of science. However, the public is fortunate enough that the material simplified the field and its concepts for a non-science person like me to understand and realize.Simply put, the value of this book is the authors ability and effectiveness in presenting and explaining scientific ideas like the origin and evolution of the Universe in simple as well as more perceivable and appreciating manners. Hence, beyond the books technical approach and scientific adherence, it is its efficient modification of a kind of complex subject matter that leaves a person with worthy impression of the book.ConclusionAnalyzing a book like Hawkings A Brief History of Time is truly worthy of ones time and effort. This is because reviewing the book makes one to recognize the significance of scientific concepts and most importantly, the usefulness of making a material flaccid or understandable to a non-scientist reader.The vital features of the book are the sign factors why one will be absorbed in edition it further. Aside from these however, it is a readers impression or imprint about the book that makes one realizes more its value. That is, the fact that the book effectively simplified a complicated field is an ultimate factor in making a material valuable in the study and judgment of the origin of the Universe.ReferenceHawking, S. (1988). A Brief History of Time. New York Bantam.

Are Test Scores a Good Indication of a Student’s Competency?

Are streak scads a good indication of a students competency? Nowadays, many students use all their judgment of conviction in learning the courses and preparing the tests, and they dont hurt any time to take part in other activities. Is this phenomenon good or non? However, atomic number 18 test piles a good indication of a students competency? Opinions vary from person to person. As far as I am concerned, test prepares are not the only beat of evaluation, but it is still very important. First of all, not only those who astonish very high test scores john achieve success.Test scores only stands for a small part of ones competency. Test score is a reflection of your daily study. A good inquiry results indicates that you study hard, have it away how to go ahead and be different with those who lives without any aims. Scores themselves arent what count, its the feature that you are a person of qualification or not. For example, the college transport examination score of Jiang Fangzhou, who is a talent young writer, was not so high. barely Because of his outstanding writing ability she was unconventional admitted by Tsinghua University.Besides, the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Mo Yan, but he had only primary education. On the other hand, high test score does not always make a very strong personal capacity. High scores and broken abilities is a new phrase in china. Xiao Li, a graduate who was pertly out of school, hasnt found a job yet. He said, I shagt do anything except studying, especially interpersonal skills and the ability of living independence. Maybe because my High scores and low abilities, I cant get an offer from any company. When you are a person who has no other ability, test score can be a standard to evaluate your ability. But when you enter the society, maybe it is meaningless. It just represents your history, and you subscribe to to have various other abilities, such as practice ability, excogitation ability, target power and interpersonal communication ability. Thirdly, test score is not a capital, but some time it is the knocking brick of success. Test score is still an important standard of selecting candidates in todays china.For example, in most cases, the college entrance examination and the civil servants examination are completely match to the examination scores for students admission. In addition, many employers choose better employees in according to their test scores. So to most ordinary people, if we have high scores, we can have more opportunities All in all, test scores are not the only standard of evaluation. But under the exam-oriented education, we must have a high score, only then we can be know by the society. Of course, we should not only manage to get high test scores, but also improve our other abilities as far as possible.

Grocery, Inc. Essay

mart, Inc. is a retail grocery store bowed stringed instrument ground in Any State U.S.A. food product has stores throughout the joined States. foodstuff has written compresss with many different vendors to purchase the products they sell in their stores. Vendors range from individuals to international corporations. tom works as the produce motorcoach for the store in My Town, U.S.A. Jeff, 17 years white-haired, is spending his summer spend running(a) for tom turkey in the produce department.A.) Does word 2 of the reproducible Commercial encrypt (UCC) apply to the bowdlerises between mart and its vendors? Do habitual lawfulness bosoms apply? exc utilize, in detail, why or why non. Your coif should comp ar and contrast common law contracts and UCC condition 2 contracts.Yes clause 2 of the UCC does apply to the contracts between securities industry and their vendors. clause 2 applies to totally in all contracts for the bargain of justs (2-102). The code contai ns a fewwhat complicated definition of goods (2-105) the more or less important thing to beneathstand is that the term goods means tangible personalized property. hold 2 does non apply to contracts for the sale of real country or stocks and bonds and separate intangibles. The drafters of the code in like manner tried to promote average dealing and higher standards of behavior in the market stupefy. They attempted to do this in several ways in Article 2. The label imposes a certificate of indebtedness on e actuallyvirtuoso making agreements beneath the Code to act in good faith (1-203). The Code also imposes certain standards of quality on sellers of goods as a matter of law.Common law contracts would also apply to the food market and their vendors, re makeable to the mixture of goods and services. Common law would apply to the service member that is predominant in the contract with regards to the delivery of the goods. (Barnes, J). The difference between Article 2 and common law is that if the contract is for the sale of goods thusly Article 2 would apply, if it is not then the principles of common law under contracts would apply.Article 2 reflects an attitude roughly contracts that is fundamentallydifferent from that of the common law. The Code is more concerned with rewarding peoples legitimate expectations than with proficient regularizes, so it is generally more flexible than traditional contract law. A court that applies the Code is more likely to find the parties had a contract than a court that applies contract law (2-204). In some flakes, the Code gives less weight to technical requirements such as consideration than is the case in contract law. (Barnes, J).B.) food market contracted with chef-doeuvre Construction to mend the store on Main Street in My Town. Masterpiece, unable to fill out the renovation at bottom the six month time limit due to a sharp increase in contemplates, sub-contracted the entire job to physique them to fall. market was unaw be of the sub-contract. When food market realized (due to poor quality of work) that Build, not Masterpiece, was handling the renovation, marketplace petitioned the court for an injunction and then sued Masterpiece for breech of contract and particularised transactance. Masterpiece argued that it had a remedy to delegate the duties of the contract, or in the alternative, to discharge the contract due to commercial impracticability. Who wins? explicate your answer.establish on the information provided by Grocery would win the case based on breech of contract and specific performance. Under breech of contract, promissory essential perform their contractual duties in the manner they pitch promised to perform them. Since Masterpiece did not perform the duties in the manner in which they promised they are conjectural for breech of contract. The courts recognize that in that location are three terminateonic degrees of performance complete or satisfa ctory performance, substantial performance, and material breech of contract. (Barnes, J).A contract consists of both rights and duties. A contracting party has the calling to perform his or her own promise and the right to produce the other partys promised performance. These rights and duties tail assembly usually be transferred to deuce-ace persons.When rights under a contract are transferred, this is called assignment. The transfer of duties is called a delegation. Not all contracts are assignableover the objection of the promissory. The promissory who delegates duties is still likely to the promise if the party to whom the duties were delegated fails to satisfactorily perform them. This would make Masterpiece liable for the quality of work that Build them to fall produced for Grocery. The whole elision to this rule would restrain been if the parties had entered into a novation which is a new, separate agreement by the promisee to anaesthetise the original promissory from liability in exchange for a third partys agreement to assume the promisors duties.As for Masterpieces claim that they had a right to delegate the duties to Build them to Fall under commercial impracticability they would have to show that unforeseen conditions would have caused a delay or inability to make delivery of the goods (make performance impracticable), then they would have been able to claim commercial impracticability. In the absence of induce circumstances, the courts do not readily excuse parties from their contractual obligations, particularly where it is top that the parties anticipated a problem and sought to provide for it in the contract. Since Masterpiece had contracted to perform the work for Grocery and then had a sudden increase in jobs this would not be considered compelling circumstances for sub-contracting the job to a fellowship that would perform a poor quality of work.C.) At the end of the summer, Jeff had earned enough money to put a land payment on a car. He shaped to continue working part time during school to earn money for the car payments. Jeff purchased a car from Steve at the local used car lot. Steve did not communicate Jeff how old he was but assumed he had reached the age of majority. Jeff remunerative the down payment and signed the contract stating that he would make payments of $cc each month. Six months later Jeff lost his job and could no bimestrial make the payments. Jeff took the car back to Steve and said he wanted to blow up the contract and that he wanted his money back. What are the possible outcomes? Explain your answers.Jeff was a shaver at the time of the contract. Therefore, Jeff is considered not to have the condenser to enter into contracts. Steve made the deal in good faith that Jeff was old enough to enter into the contract.Unfortunately, the contract is voidable.Jeff was correct that he could disaffirm the contract. And upon the disaffirmance, Jeff had to return the fomite to Steve. Even thou gh the right to disaffirm a contract was meant to protect electric razors, some bows have spurned that idea because that view creates a hardship on the vainglorious involved. Under the case of Dodson v. Shrader, 824 W.2d 545 Tenn. Sup. Ct. 1992), Steve would be allowed to recover the depreciation of the vehicle from the monies that Jeff has paid. Especially considering the fact that Jeff has had the vehicle for six months or more.The states defer on the idea that the minor needfully to be reimburse the innocent adult for dealing with the minor. However, many times minors can pass as adults at approximately 14 years of age and up. Minors also get fake IDs to get things like buying beer. Therefore, by allowing the minor to get away(p) with not paying the debt he or she impulsive entered or lied to the adult to sign a contract, is not in the best interest of society to allow the minor not to put forward the consequences. Therefore, holding the minor accountable for his or he r actions is one way for the minor to learn responsibility.D.) Grocery has a written contract with Cereal, Inc. to purchase 20 cases of cereal grass per month at $22 per case. The contract does not state the types of cereal or how the 20 cases will be divided up between Grocerys 20 stores in Any State. later a flood, Cereal suffers severe water damage in its warehouse. With the exception of sloughy Flakes, Cereal does not have enough undamaged cereal to comply with its Grocery contract. On the twenty-four hour period delivery was due, Grocery receives 10 cases of Soggy Flakes at the three stores located in My Town and deuce stores in Your Town.Twelve days before delivery was due, Grocery had requested, by facsimile, that 15 cases containing a variety of cereals be delivered to the five stores listed above with the remain five cases going to Grocerys warehouse in pot Town. Grocery wants to reject the encumbrances of Soggy Flakes and cancel its contract with Cereal. reason Gro cerys rights under contract law. Cereal argues that based on the gap-filling rule, it had the right to modify the hurt of thecontract. Analyze the gap filling provisions of UCC Article 2 as they pertain to the terms of this contract. What rights and/or defenses, if any, does Cereal have under contract law? Analyze the remedies available to Grocery and/or Cereal. Explain all answers in detail.Grocery has the right to reject the shipment. Grocery has to instruct Cereal that the shipment was not adequate and is being rejected pursuant to Article 2-602. The notice must be accomplished within a reasonable time and preferably in writing Article 2-602. Grocery has the right to reject the shipment and cancel the contract.. However, Cereal must notify Grocery that due to unforeseeable circumstances, the shipment will consist of Soggy Flakes and only ten cases of cereal will be delivered.Cereal must notify Grocery that Cereal intends to replace the shipment within a reasonable time (gap-fil ling rule). However, under the circumstances, Cereal may not live on how long Cereal may be without the correct product. Furthermore, Cereal needs to decide what it wants Grocery to do with the product (whether to sell the product, destroy the product, or store the product for later pick-up). Grocery does not have to pay for return shipment.If Grocery feels that Cereal cannot meet the obligations incurred, Grocery can drive an assurance that the contract will be performed. If the assurance is not extraverted within 30 days, then Grocery can repudiate the contract subdivision 2-609. If Grocery later decides the Cereal can meet the terms of the contract, Grocery can decide to continue wit the contract if Cereal can show that Cereal intends to meet the obligations of the contract.E.) tomcat spent his time away from work on his hobby, model postulates. His train set was very large(p) and consisted of rare and one-of-a-kind trains. One day, while visiting with a fellow train hobby ist kick up, Tom said, When I retire in twain years from Grocery, Im going to sell my trains and spend the rest of my years change of location on real trains. Tom then told gravel that he was the only person he planned to offer his trains to because he knew chevy would concern good care of them. Harry said he looked forward to the day when he could buy the trains. Harry then spent the next two years and most of his savings mental synthesis a new 2,000 sq. ft. means onto his house to make room for the trains. When Harry told Tom that he was build the new room, Tom just smiled. Tom also heard that Harry had borrowed money from his aunt to buy the trains. When Tom retired, he sold his trains to David. Harry sued Tom claiming breach of contract, or in the alternative, for promissory estoppels. Who wins? Explain your answer.Although Tom and Harry did not have a written contract about the purchase of the trains, they did have a verbal contract. Breach of contract is depict as any failure to perform that is not excused (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers, Langvardt, 2004). When Tom told Harry that Tom would sell his trains to Harry, Harry had the reasonable expectation that Harry would receive the trains. Harry then spent a large fare of money building an addition to his house in ordination to have room for the trains. Harry also had borrowed the money to purchase the trains from his aunt.Promissory estoppel is an straightforward doctrine that protects those who foreseeably and reasonably rely on the promises of others by enforcing such promises when enforcement is prerequisite to avoid disadvantage, even so though one or more of the elements unremarkably required for an enforceable agreement is absent (Mallor, et al, 2004, glossary). In this case an injustice to Harry did exist because of the money he spent in building onto his house and expectation he had of receiving the trains.Harry wins the case based on the recognition of promissory estoppels in section 90 in the first off Restatement of Contracts in 1932 (Mallor, et al, 2004, 338). The court would see the injustice to Harry by Tom failing to fulfill his promise to sell his trains to Harry.F.) Jason shipped a truckload of peaches from his orchard to Grocery using an independent truck driver. In route, the truck broke down and the shipment was delayed three days. The peaches were spoiled when they arrived. The terms of the contract were F.O.B. Who bears the risk? Explain your answer.F.O.B. (Free on Board) means the seller is responsible to deliver the goodsfree of outlay and at his own risk to the designated place of delivery. In this case Jacob was responsible for the shipment until it reached Grocery. Grocery would be able to file a match against Jason for damages. Jason would, however, be able to file a suit against the independent trucker for the damages to the peaches.This case is similar to the case in the textbook Windows, Inc. v. Jordan display panel Systems Corp. In this c ase, however, the term FOB is not used. The windows were to be properly jam-packed and shipped, but were damaged due to load shift during transport. The buyer, Jordan, expected to receive the windows in good condition, ready to install. When the windows were delivered in bad condition, Jordon filed against the trucking company and did not pay Windows for the drift. Jordan then ordered a duplicate order to be shipped that Jordan received with no problem. The error in this case was that Jordan did not pay Windows for either order and Windows had to file suit against Jordan in order to be paid for the shipments. Judgment was affirmed in favor of Windows.G.) Discuss the different warranties that apply to Grocerys business. Explain your answer in detail.Grocerys business operates under the implied warranty of merchantability. This warranty is one that the legal community has created, not one that is operating under a written or accepted contract. The warranty operates under UCC section 2-314(l) . Section UCC 20314(l) reads A warranty that the goods shall be merchantable is implied in a contract for their sale if the seller is a merchant with respect to goods of that kind. (Mallor, Barnes, Bowers and Langvardt, 2007). Under this warranty, Grocerys implied warranty is that the products sold will be useable for the purpose intended. Grocery would be held responsible for products like canned goods, meats, bakery items, and the like because Grocery is in the business of selling these goods.Section 2-314 states the products must meet the succeeding(a) criteria.(1)In the trade, the product must pass inspection without objection.(2)The product must be fit for the purpose for which the product wasintended(3)The product must be of even kind, quantity (same size unit), and kind (like boxed cereal).(4)The product must be adequately packaged and labeled (must list things like the calories per serving).(5)The product must conform to the packaging and labeling regarding any pro mises or statements that may be verbalise (the cereal must be Rice Krispies and not Cheerios if the box is marked Rice Krispies).(6)If a product is perishable, the product must be of blank quality.If goods do not conform to the above standards, a consumer may lock legal remedies. Goods that do not function as intended are not merchandisable and would not meet the above standards. Furthermore, Grocery would be responsible for the goods sold at the store, not for computer products since the normal business of Grocery would be for canned goods, bakery items, meats, and the like.H.) supplier Inc., a large wholesaler, had a contract with Grocery. Supplier sued Grocery for breach of contract when Grocery failed to place an order for goods by a specific date as undertake in the contract. Each order was worth at least $550. Grocery contended that the contract Bill Green signed was a standard preprinted tot up contract without specifics regarding time of order and quantity. Green had authority to sign a standard publish contract, but could not authorize specific terms. This was unfamiliar to Supplier. Supplier argued that terms were boilerplate and therefore could be modified by acceptance. Supplier offered oral testimony at trial to prove that Green agree to the modifications. Is there a contract? If so, what are the terms? Explain your answer.1. Yes, there is a contract. The contract that Green claims to be a standardpreprinted supply contract and Suppliers claim can be modified by acceptance.2. The terms are that Grocery was supposed to purchase goods by a specific date.3. Each order is worth at least $550.a.) Also, discuss the use of Suppliers oral testimony at trial.1. The use of Suppliers oral testimony can go either way. literal testimony can be very effective if Supplier can prove that what Supplier is saying is true. Oral testimony can also be detrimental to Suppliers case if it is proven that Supplier is lying.2. Presenting to the courts and the jur y that the copy of the actual contract is always a good idea. It will be up to the courts to decide if the original contract stands or if it is void.ReferencesEdition e-text Prentice-Hall Publishing. Retrieved August 25, 2005, from University of Phoenix, Resource slew/415-Business Law Web Sitehttps//ecampus.phoenix.edu/content/eBookLibrary/content/eReader.Mallor, J.P., Barnes, A.J., Bowers, T., & Langvardt, A.W. (2007). Business law The ethical, global and e-commerce environment, 13e. The McGraw-Hill CompaniesUniversity of Phoenix. (Ed) (2005). Business Law University of Phoenix Custom

Charlotte Doyle Character Analysis

The most characters that depict wide change are Charlotte, our protagonist, Captain Jaggier, our antagonist, and former Second bloke, Ketch. Through this exuberant voyage, Charlotte metamorphoses Into a lady of great beauty, Captain Jaggier deteriorates, and Ketchs duplicitous nature arises. metabolic process and change of oneself occurs when one recognizes the first step which Is awareness, and the second which Is acceptance. From an egg to a butterfly, Charlotte Doyle truly transforms and metamorphoses Into a beautiful human being that fights for justice and comparability in a time where slavery, classicism, and racism revealed.Charlotte life changes through with(predicate) some(prenominal) choices and actions she takes. Firstly, Charlotte witnesses a horrifying panorama of Captain Jaggier thrashing and lashing her heartfelt friend Zachary, thus she finds away the true nature of Captain Jaggier. When he precept they were bloody he swore a savage oath, jumped forward, and tore the whip from my hand, whirled rough and began ticking Zachary with such fury as I had never seen, (pig 70). This changes her life because she admired Captain Jaggier and saw him as a aim figure.Her whole impression of Captain gagger metamorphoses completely also because he chose Zachary, her earnest friend, to lash and cause extreme anguish to. She also learns to be more than aware and less naive. Secondly, Charlotte unexpectedly chooses to become a constituent of the faction thus climbs the mainmast this changes her life completely. Recollecting Awnings advice, I shifted my eyes and focused them on the ropes forwards me. Then, reaching as high as I could into one of the mettle shrouds, and grabbing a ratline, I began to climb, (pig 84). Charlotte became a member of the combination by ascent the mainmast.Without Charlotte realizing, he was able to make her a spy for him. Also, he befriended Charlotte in order to prevent his death, and in order to stop the crew fro m subscribe the round redbreast redbreast. Secondly, Captain Jaggier chooses to whip Zachary and this causes him deterioration where his life changed drastically. When he saw they were bloody he swore a savage oath, Jumped forward, and tore the whip from my hand, whirled about and began beating Zachary with such fury as I had never seen, (pig 70). When the fauna emerged, Captain Jaggier deteriorated in Charlotte eyes, she belittled him, and her impression of him changed entirely.This also caused Charlotte to whip him, and this abash him in front of the crew thus he deteriorated and weakened. He confounded Charlotte, and hatred of the captain rose even higher amongst the crew. Thirdly, he chose to beat up unstable to the point his arm had to be cut off, and this brings the crew against him. Captain Jaggier said Mr.. Cranks laboring arm was his by rights. Miss Doyle, Mr.. Cranky has but one arm now. He was that much beaten by Captain Jaggier, who, as he said himself, took the arm. I was first surgeon, wherefore carpenter to Mr.. Cranky, (pig 28).This changed his life because this is what made the crew sign the round robin and come against him. Captain Jaggier experienced severe deterioration and loss of agent when all the crew came against him. This was the obviously the first step of his deterioration. Captain Jaggier deteriorates and warps through the tumultuous voyage. His loss of power and authority cause him to become fruity and full of wrath. His anger and extreme wrath causes him death when faced against Charlotte in a life or death situation. This comes to show that a psyche that is unjust and cruel will incessantly be defeated, and will always come to an end. Our enemy is motivated by hatred and will non stop planning more plots against until they are ultimately defeated, Timothy Murphy. We are only falsehood, duplicity, contradiction we both conceal and disguise ourselves from ourselves, Blaine Pascal. Ketch, a member of the crew, was onc e portrayed as a fearful man with darted eyes, and turns out to be a man of great treachery, mischief, and trickery. His duplicitous nature arises as his choices and actions change his life. Firstly, Ketch decides to sign the round robin, and this causes change in his life. As for Mr..Ketch, since he seems to prefer serving you ratter tan me place ml In ten Directorates winner Nee wall De more comforts prospect of second mate, thus vacated, I give to Mr.. Johnson. He at least(prenominal) had the dogs wit not to sign your round robin, (pig 76-77). Ketch signed the round robin and this changed his life because he lost his position as second mate he lost the loyalty of the captain. Secondly, Ketch hides Zachary in the brig and this changes his life. Ketch brings me food and water each day, he continued. The food isnt as good as what I would control prepared, but enough to keep me alive.

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Oil and gas production, cut, and trading is a big issue in the United States. Currently, much of the rock oil we social occasion comes from foreign sources. Many argue that we should reduce foreign oil colony by reducing our consumption and by drilling for oil near here in the U. S. For approximately forty divisions, a debate has been create from raw stuff about oil exploration and drilling in the Arctic interior(a) Wildlife Refuge. The Arctic content Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) is 19,000,000 acres of drop in Union Alaska, a U. S. state. It is the largest protected wilderness in the United States and was created by social intercourse under the Alaska National Interest Lands saving Act (ANILCA) of 1980 (Wikipedia Foundation, Inc) More specifically, indoors the ANWR, a 1,500,000 acre battlefield located mingled with the Beaufort Sea( northern border), Brooks Range (southern border), and the Prudhoe verbalize (western border) is the center of controversy. This arna is com monly referred to as naval division 1002 because when the ANILCA was created, in arm 1002 of the document, the decision of how to manage oil and gas exploration and development for this area was tabled. Wikipedia Foundation, Inc. ) There are various opinions with points for and against oil drilling in the ANWRs section 1002. At this point, I am against it. I recently read a quote by U. S. , President, Barak Obama in Wikipedia. It states, In a League of Conservation Voters questionnaire, Obama said, I strongly reject drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge because it would irreversibly damage a protected national wildlife bema without creating sufficient oil supplies to meaningfully affect the global market scathe or have a discernible impact on US energy security. (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc)I have to say, I agree with President Obama 100%. This area is true wilderness. According to the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, it is the most diverse ecosystem in northern Alaska. It is home to many Native Indian tribes, a large creation of porcupine caribou, some large whales, and other smaller animals not pop elsewhere. Not to mention, it is on the coastal line of Alaska, which opens it up huge varieties of leatherneck life and migrating birds from all over. Many people dont realize that oil drilling is big business. It exit not only require oil drilling equipment and stations, but there will be roads, airports, housing, shopping, etc.This means much of the land will forever be affected. Many animal habitats and natural migrant and breeding patterns may be disrupted. The air and water will be polluted from vehicle traffic, the oil drilling itself, and many other benignant behaviors. Human waste will need to be dealt with. You name it, it will be a problem. Another concern is the potential for accidental pollution. As a matter of fact, in 1989, there was a bill on the table and it looked like it might make it through the Senate, to allow the drilling, when the disreputable Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska.It was the largest spill of its kind where 260,000 to 750,000 barrels of unwashed oil spilled out of the tanker and into the surrounding waters, killing and injuring countless wildlife and destroying their habitats. (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) Lastly, experts are not even sure how much oil is even there. A U. S. Geological Survey published in 1998 stated there was between 5. 7 billion barrels to 16 billion barrels of retrievable oil and natural gas liquids the ANWRs coastal plain area. As compared to an estimated cxx billion in the rest of the U. S.It is estimated that drilling in area 1002 would amount of money to about 1% world oil production by the year 2030. (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc) This would create such a small impact on the products and serve generated at the end user level. In other words, the rich oil investors will get richer and people like me will be no better off. The benefits do not outweigh the risks. I say not to drilling in the ANWR Works Cited Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Arctic Refuge drilling controversy. Wikipedia, the kick Encyclopedia. Ed. 7 September 2012. Web. en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arctic_Refuge_drilling_controversy. 30 September 2012.

Answers for Wooldridge

MULTIPLE REGRESSION After complete this chapter, you should be able to understand mold building using nonuple reversion analysis apply triune atavism analysis to business organisation decision-making situations analyze and interpret the computer output for a multiple lapse model test the significance of the separate proteans in a multiple regression toward the mean model use inconsistent transformations to model nonlinear kindreds bonk potential problems in multiple regression analysis and take the locomote to correct the problems. ncorporate qualitative variants into the regression model by using lacuna changeables. Multiple atavism Assumptions The errors be norm exclusivelyy distributed The mean of the errors is zero Errors come a constant variance The model errors be breakaway fashion model Specification Decide what you want to do and select the dependent variable Determine the potential independent variables for your model Gather sample info (observations ) for all variables The Correlation Matrix Correlation surrounded by the dependent variable and selected independent variables can be found using ExcelTools / entropy compendium / Correlation Can check for statistical significance of correlation with a t test Example A distributor of flash-frozen desert pies wants to evaluate factors thought to influence demand Dependent variable Pie sales ( building blocks per hebdomad) Independent variables Price (in $) advert ($100s) Data is composed for 15 calendar weeks Pie Sales archetype Sales = b0 + b1 (Price) + b2 (Advertising) Interpretation of portendd Coefficients Slope (bi) Estimates that the amount value of y changes by bi units for all(prenominal) 1 unit increase in Xi holding all other variables constantExample if b1 = -20, so sales (y) is expected to decrease by an dependd 20 pies per week for each $1 increase in selling price (x1), net of the cause of changes due to advertising (x2) y-intercept (b0) The estimated ave rage value of y when all xi = 0 (assuming all xi = 0 is within the range of notice values) Pie Sales Correlation Matrix Price vs. Sales r = -0. 44327 at that place is a negative association mingled with price and sales Advertising vs. Sales r = 0. 55632 There is a positive association surrounded by advertising and sales Scatter DiagramsComputer softwargon is generally used to soften the coefficients and measures of goodness of work for multiple regression Excel Tools / Data Analysis / relapsing Multiple reverting create The Multiple Regression equality Using The present to Make Predictions Input values Multiple Coefficient of finis Reports the proportion of total variation in y explained by all x variables taken together Multiple Coefficient of Determination Adjusted R2 R2 neer decreases when a cutting x variable is added to the model This can be a disadvantage when comparing modelsWhat is the net effect of adding a virgin variable? We lose a degree of emancipatio n when a innovative x variable is added Did the new x variable add lavish instructive power to offset the loss of wiz degree of freedom? Shows the proportion of variation in y explained by all x variables adjust for the turning of x variables used (where n = sample size, k = offspring of independent variables) Penalize excessive use of unimportant independent variables Smaller than R2 Useful in comparing among models Multiple Coefficient of Determination Is the Model Significant? F-Test for overall Significance of the ModelShows if there is a linear relationship between all of the x variables considered together and y Use F test statistic Hypotheses H0 ? 1 = ? 2 = = ? k = 0 (no linear relationship) HA at least one ? i ? 0 (at least one independent variable affects y) F-Test for Overall Significance Test statistic where F has (numerator) D1 = k and (denominator) D2 = (n k 1) degrees of freedom H0 ? 1 = ? 2 = 0 HA ? 1 and ? 2 not both zero ( = . 05 df1= 2 df2 = 12 ar Indi vidual Variables Significant? Use t-tests of individual variable slopes Shows if there is a linear relationship between the variable xi and yHypotheses H0 ? i = 0 (no linear relationship) HA ? i ? 0 (linear relationship does exist between xi and y) H0 ? i = 0 (no linear relationship) HA ? i ? 0 (linear relationship does exist between xi and y) t Test Statistic (df = n k 1) Inferences about the Slope t Test Example H0 ? i = 0 HA ? i ? 0 Confidence Interval Estimate for the Slope Standard Deviation of the Regression Model The estimate of the modular deviation of the regression model is Standard Deviation of the Regression Model The standard deviation of the regression model is 47. 46 A close together(p) prediction range for pie sales in a given week isPie sales in the sample were in the 300 to 500 per week range, so this range is probably too large to be acceptable. The analyst may want to look for additional variables that can explain to a greater extent of the variation in week ly sales OUTLIERS If an observation exceeds UP=Q3+1. 5*IQR or if an observation is smaller than LO=Q1-1. 5*IQR where Q1 and Q3 are quartiles and IQR=Q3-Q1 What to do if there are outliers? Sometimes it is appropriate to delete the entire observation containing the oulier. This get out generally increase the R2 and F test statistic values Multicollinearity Multicollinearity High correlation exists between two independent variablesThis means the two variables contribute unnecessary information to the multiple regression model Including two highly check independent variables can adversely affect the regression results No new information provided Can lead to unstable coefficients (large standard error and guerrillaary t-values) Coefficient signs may not match prior expectations Some Indications of Severe Multicollinearity infatuated signs on the coefficients Large change in the value of a foregoing coefficient when a new variable is added to the model A previously probatory vari able becomes insignificant when a new independent variable is addedThe estimate of the standard deviation of the model increases when a variable is added to the model Output for the pie sales example Since there are only two explanatory variables, only one VIF is reported VIF is 5 There is no severalize of collinearity between Price and Advertising Qualitative ( bosom) Variables Categorical explanatory variable (dummy variable) with two or more levels yes or no, on or off, staminate or female coded as 0 or 1 Regression intercepts are different if the variable is significant Assumes equal slopes for other variables The number of dummy variables needed is (number of levels 1)Dummy-Variable Model Example (with 2 Levels) Interpretation of the Dummy Variable Coefficient Dummy-Variable Models (more than 2 Levels) The number of dummy variables is one less than the number of levels Example y = nominate price x1 = square feet The style of the house is also thought to matter Style = ran ch, split level, condo Dummy-Variable Models (more than 2 Levels) Interpreting the Dummy Variable Coefficients (with 3 Levels) Nonlinear Relationships The relationship between the dependent variable and an independent variable may not be linear Useful when scatter diagram indicates non-linear relationshipExample Quadratic model The second independent variable is the square of the first variable Polynomial Regression Model where ?0 = macrocosm regression constant ?i = Population regression coefficient for variable xj j = 1, 2, k p = Order of the multinomial (i = Model error Linear vs. Nonlinear Fit Quadratic Regression Model Testing for Significance Quadratic Model Test for Overall Relationship F test statistic = Testing the Quadratic Effect equivalence quadratic model with the linear model Hypotheses (No 2nd order polynomial term) (2nd order polynomial term is needed) Higher Order Models interaction EffectsHypothesizes fundamental interaction between pairs of x variables Respon se to one x variable varies at different levels of another x variable Contains two-way cross output terms Effect of Interaction Without interaction term, effect of x1 on y is measured by ? 1 With interaction term, effect of x1 on y is measured by ? 1 + ? 3 x2 Effect changes as x2 increases Interaction Example Hypothesize interaction between pairs of independent variables Hypotheses H0 ? 3 = 0 (no interaction between x1 and x2) HA ? 3 ? 0 (x1 interacts with x2) Model building Goal is to develop a model with the best set of independent variablesEasier to interpret if unimportant variables are removed Lower probability of collinearity piecemeal regression procedure Provide evaluation of alternative models as variables are added Best-subset approach Try all combinations and select the best using the highest adjusted R2 and lowest s? Idea develop the least squares regression compare in steps, either with forward selection, backward elimination, or through standard stepwise regressio n The coefficient of partial determination is the measure of the peripheral contribution of each independent variable, given that other independent variables are in the modelBest Subsets Regression Idea estimate all possible regression equations using all possible combinations of independent variables Choose the best fit by looking for the highest adjusted R2 and lowest standard error s? Aptness of the Model Diagnostic checks on the model include confirm the assumptions of multiple regression Each xi is linearly related to y Errors have constant variance Errors are independent Error are normally distributed Residual Analysis The Normality Assumption Errors are fictional to be normally distributed Standardized residuals can be calculated by computerExamine a histogram or a normal probability plot of the regularise residuals to check for normality Chapter Summary Developed the multiple regression model Tested the significance of the multiple regression model Developed adjusted R2 Tested individual regression coefficients Used dummy variables Examined interaction in a multiple regression model Described nonlinear regression models Described multicollinearity Discussed model building Stepwise regression Best subsets regression Examined residual plots to check model assumptions

Analysis Soft Drink Essay

1Analysis of the U. S. batty make whoopie industry, based on the competitive forces model of Michael Porter. In the gentle drink industry the entry of new competitors depends on the barriers to entry that argon present, and besides the reaction from existent competitors that the entrant can expect. I exit now analyze the six major sources of barriers to entry the soft drink industry. Economies of shell deter entry by forcing the entrant to come in at large scale and risk strong reaction from existing firms or come in at a small scale and accept a cost disadvantage.If a company wants to decline its whole costs of their product, they will have to produce more to lower the cost. The more you produce, the lower the costs. In the soft drink industry establishing firms have scratch identification and customer loyalties. The brand name can have differences. This is a high barrier to enter. Entrants be forced to spend a bus to overcome existing customer loyalties. The capital requi rements within this industry are very high.Production, distribution and advertising are a must to make do with the industry leaders like coca cola and Pepsi. So if a new The aluminum cans, plastic and glass bottles are pretty often dependant on the soft drink industry to survive in the business. This makes suppliers to have little power over the soft drink industry. The rise to power to distribution channel is a high barrier because the most in(predicate) soft drink companies are aggressively spending their distribution conduct and buying full ownership of bottling plants.Supermarkets are at present the largest channels in the U. S. and there the competition is very high. Switching costs is also a barrier to entry this business. Switching costs by changing from one supplier to the other may happened. Also employee training, new equipment, testing new technology. This things are common in this industry. This are barriers for new entrants.

Principles of Project Management Essay

1. The tot wholeyegiance PrincipleAn equitable commitment amid the chore sponsor and the see to it auction pitch aggroup must exist before a contingent stand out exists.The realize Sponsor is considered to be the vex Owner who issues resources much(prenominal) as funds, services and general direction. The childbed delivery team is the 1 in charge for leave techniques, inventions and controls for using the skills driveed and work to modify those resources into the required deliverables or production. Dealing with a Sponsor is a calculate of developing a trust and arrangement between the Sponsor and the team. devise sponsors should set clear boundaries for give birth up and time, with which the manager should work. If he/she slewnot provide the concur deliverables within these cons geared wheelts, concerns must be escalated to the sponsor for a decision.Defined roles and responsibilities A jump team in which ALL people understand their responsibilities and rightfully believe they can achieve them. Each person must experience how they can contri onlye to run across designs. Project stakeholders must relieve oneself a clear understanding of their roles and responsibilities, to be able know exactly what he or she is supposed to be doing. Project environment is of critical richness and requires definition and understanding.2. The Success PrincipleThe mea currents of sound barfion mastery, in destinations of two address and product, must be defined at the beginning of the objectify as a basis for understand worry decision fashioning and behave- pop out evaluation.Success for a make and how it lead be measured afterwards completion necessitys to be defined at the beginning of the project. The close master(prenominal) reason is to provide an on-going basis for management decision reservation during the course of the project. The timing of the measurement of success itself may overly need identifying. It is not possi ble to measure its ultimate success without agreement on the projects success criteria3. The Tetrad Trade-off PrincipleThe shopping centre variables of the project management process namely, product circumstance, quality grade, time-to- stool, and 4 perfect cost-at-completion must all be mutually compatible and definitely attainable. The term Tetrad trade-off is quite an unfamiliar word, solace possibly this is the honor of the term to stressed that there be four separate but interactive variables which be scope, quality, time and cost alternatively than just trey as in the old view of Triple Constraint (time, cost and surgical process.) The advantage of viewing the four as a tetrad rather than choosing only three to form a triangle is that it gives more than sizeableness to quality. Of the four, the quality of the product is apparently, and in fact, the most stable.4. The Strategy PrincipleA strategy encompassing first planning then doing, in a foc employ set of se quential and progressive phases, must be in fundament. Before the project start, it is very important that consumers think thoroughly most the products, or deliverables they need. They must be prcised and detailed about their requirements to produce a feasible plan. This performs managing the project much easier and less chancey.5. The management doctrineThe Management Principle begins with how it get out be do and who will do it. Policies and procedures that are effective and efficient must be in place for the strait-laced conduct and control of the project commitment.6. The Single-Point Responsibility PrincipleThis article of faith is an extension of the management principle and is needed for effective management of the project commitment. Clear talk is very important for the coordination of a complicated project activity. A single channel of communication must exist between the project sponsor and the project team leader for all decisions affect the product scope.7. T he Cultural Environment PrincipleManagement must provide an informed and concentrateive cultural environment to ensure that the project delivery team are able to work to the limits of their capacity. Whatever methodology or framework you prefer, it must be limited to suit the requirements and needs of your project. sooner than sticking to methodology, the project manager must be able to generate recitationd to procedures to meet the demands of the work in hand. the management of the brass section in which the project takes place must be supportive and the environment unleash of obstacles in the way of project progress. (Wideman, Robert gook Bing, John A. Neal, Gerald, 2000)B. Appraise the viability of at least five (5) projects success/ reverse criteria (1.2)To be triple-crown, a project must have1. Agreement or correspondence among the project stakeholders the project team, customer, project leader skills and management on the objective of the project.2. A project plan that shows what is capable, shows an overall path and clear tasks, contains the facts and expatiate for calculating the people, money, time, equipment, and materials needed to pay off the job completed, and will be calld to determine development as the project is taking its course.3. Continuous, effective communication among everyone that is concerned in the project in order to manage and elevate action, distinguish and get to the bottom of problems and respond to changes.4. A controlled scope or stakeholder expectations management. Everyone obscure in the project must know their get by of responsibilities. To make sure that everyone concerned understands exactly what can be done within a specified time frame and budget a clayatic method for establishing practical goals for deliverables, cost, schedule, and quality, as well as techniques for principal(prenominal)taining the goals safe all through the project.5. Upper management support, managing upward, guiding the veloci ty managers toward admit decisions that maintains the project moving to bring people and other resources, make guidelines, or remove organizational obstacles.The main bms of project ill luck that were place were1. Lack of User InvolvementOne of the reasons why projects fail is that users do not participate in the system development process to the completion that they should. the lack of participation in the project by those who will use the system has indicated fatal for umteen projects. Without user participation, it will cause delay to Projects because the management has not allocated people to do the work that users should be doing. If a project is to be a success management and users need to be concerned from the start to end of the progress. This requires time and effort.2. Long or Unrealistic Time ScalesThe key advice is that project timescales should be little, which means that fall in systems should be split into separate projects. There are always problems with this approach, but the profit of doing so is significant.3. Poor or No Requirementspoor requirements are probably one of the most difficult issue that can be faced by a project. The incapacity to identify good requirements has alike led to other project delivery problems such(prenominal) as the rely to narrow the scope of the project so as to minimize the requirements work load and risk. Users should understand what it is they want, and be able to identify it particular(prenominal)ally. if you dont get the business requirements right, however well you deliver the project, the client/business will be dissatisfied.4. mountain chain CreepScope creep is a risk in most projects. it is the change or growth of project scope. Scope creep more frequently occurs during the later(prenominal) stages of a project, such as programming and testing, than during the earlier stages, such as design. This can occur when the scope of a project is not properly defined, documented, or controlled. This is a management issue similar to change control. Management should be able to aim it all out at the start. A project manager ofttimes tries to manage scope creep. The goal in managing scope creep is to effort to minimize the impact of any changes on the project, such as on the timeline and cost.5. No Change Control SystemBusiness needs are changing even more rapidly than ever before. There may be unavoidable external requirements over which you have no control, such as in the altogether regulations for data privacy, changed regulatory reporting requirements etc.So it is not clean to anticipate no change in requirements while a project or system is being strengthened. However uncontrolled changes play madhouse with a system under correctment and have caused many project confusion and failures. (Anon., 2001)(Suggest additional standard for the projects success/ failure criteria, M1) other IT project failure criteria by the IT and project managers were* missed deadlines* exceed ed budget* cost getting out of hand* many projects fail because they use new or unproven technology. * poor project definition by the projects owner, perhaps because of insufficient consultation with stakeholders or their failure to be specific about requirements and desired outcomes. * lack of ownership and face-to-face accountability by senior management. * inadequately skilled and experienced project personnel. * inadequate reporting arrangements and decision-making.* inconsistent understanding of required project activities, roles and responsibilities.Other criteria for project success were* meeting the budget* meeting milestones* a light scope and agreed understanding of intended outcome. * active management of risks, issues and well-timed decision-making supported by clear and short lines of reporting. * ongoing commitment and support from senior management.* a senior individual with personal accountability and overall responsibility for the successful outcome of the projec t. * defined and visibly managed processes that are appropriate or the scale and complexity of the project.(Find another company that uses success/failure criteria and tell something about how these criteria help the companys projects , D1)The Calvert fond exponent is a stock market index created by Calvert Investments as a benchmark of large companies that are considered socially responsible or ethical. It shortly consists of 468 companies, weighted by market capitalization, selected from approximately 1,000 of the largest publicly traded companies in the get together States using Calverts social criteria. These criteria relate to the environment, workplace issues, product safety, corporation relations, weapons contracting, international operations, and human rights.This index was created following the success of the Domini 400 Social Index by KLD Research & Analytics, Inc. The Calvert index is used by many so-called socially responsible mutual funds as a benchmark for their per formance.These criteria helped the company improve with their business management. They were able to market those specific products that seem to be most wanted by their customers. With these criteria, it helped them improve their product development that made them stand out from their competitors. It also helped the company improve business management in the area of finance and because of this, they have built a good business reputation. (Calvert Investment Distributors, n.d.)B. Discuss the principles behind project management systems and procedures (1.3)The Project Management Process suggest three main deliverables be defined before actual work on the project begins. These are the Project Definition, Project work plan, and the Project Management Procedures. The Project Management Procedures explains how the project will be managed, and are an effective and efficient way to communicate the processes to the project team, customers, and stakeholders.Although they may appear time devo ur to develop, in most cases these procedures only need to be created once. When you have a set of procedures that allow you to be successful, you can reuse them on later projects. In fact, these procedures can be scripted at the company or organization take aim, and then used as the starting point for all projects in the company.These procedures come from the process for large projects. They should be customized as appropriate for your project, your team, and your organization. In most cases, the processes should be simplified for smaller projects. Although this template is called Project Management Procedures, this document really describes processes. Processes are at a high level than procedures. You can turn them into procedures by specifying the particular roles, people, and dates that make sense.The procedures that will be used to manage the project will include split on how the team will manage issues, scope change, risk, quality, communication, etc. It is important to be able to manage the project thoroughly and proactively and make sure the project team and all stakeholders have a common understanding of how the project will be managed. If common procedures have already been recognised for your organization, apply them on your project.(Discuss how to integrate human and material resources to achieve successful projects, M2)Every project that involves more than one person requires a project team to get the work done. Building a motivated project team will be your primary and most critical task, because the success of the project will rely heavily on choosing the right team members and gaining their commitment to the projects objectives. To utilize the abilities of permanently assigned supply and to fulfill these requirements but if there are required skills that are not available, then other sources must be identified and pursued. Books, educational programs, net income and human involvement go hand in hand to make the task accomplished. With thes e help, unforeseen errors and miscalculation will be lessened. Coordination will also make time required less for the project to be successful. (Wideman, 1991)(Look for an living IT Project of any company and evaluate the project management system and procedures, D2)IS Auditing Procedure P6 FirewallsAn info guarantor audit is an audit on the level of information shelter in an organization. Within the broad scope of auditing information security there are multiple types of audits, multiple objectives for different audits, etc. Most commonly the controls being audited can be categorized to technical, sensible and administrative. Auditing information security covers topics from auditing the physical security of data centers to the auditing logical security of databases and highlights key components to look for and different methods for auditing these areas.When centered on the IT aspects of information security, it can be seen as a part of an information technology audit. It is v ery much then referred to as an information technology security audit or a computer security audit. However, information security encompasses much more than IT.By and large the two concepts of application security and segregation of duties are both in many ways connected and they both have the same goal, to protect the integrity of the companies data and to prevent fraud. For application security it has to do with preventing unauthorized access to hardware and software through having proper security measures both physical and electronic in place. With segregation of duties it is earlier a physical review of individuals access to the systems and processing and ensuring that there are no overlaps that could lead to fraud. (Isaca, 2003)C. Identify the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post project appraisals (1.4)1. Termination activities should be identified in the baseline plan2. Verify that all agreed-on deliverables were provided.3. Organize and file pr oject-related documentation.4. Assure that all payments have been collected from the customer.5. Assure that all payments for materials and subcontractors have been paid.6. Prepare a written performance evaluation of each member of the project team.(Evaluate the key elements involved in terminating projects, M3)Terminating a project should always undergo a process resources used could be audited and workforce could be evaluated properly.1. Go back to project plan to check the appropriate balance between resource recitation and project duration that directly complies with project objectives. 2. Confirm or prove that all deliverables that were agreed on were clearly fleshed out. 3. Document and organize all files related to the project. 4. All invoices should have been sent to the customer. All collectibles should be acquire before closing the review. 5. Payments for materials and subcontractors should be fulfilled as well. 6. Evaluate the performance of the project team and proper ly document it as well. 7. Conduct post-mortem or project evaluation meetings(Szabelski, n.d.)(Give situations where a terminated project can still be considered again, D3)Hiring a new principal investigator (PI) (or an equivalent person) is the side by side(p) best solution for projects that were terminated or put on hold. In order to ensure the smooth transition of documents and processes, the old PI should train the new hireLoss of human, funding and other valuable resources, whether pass judgment or not, is the most common problem that may force an organization to terminate or put a project on hold. In order to address this challenge, the affected organization should be able to bump other available resources such as funding vehicles and connections or networks for new hires or experts.If an internal assessment or evaluation of the project showed prohibit results, resources, processes and even the project itself can be adjusted or modified in order to achieve or fulfill set ex pectations and objectives. (Orfano, 2009)BibliographyAnon., 2001. Coley Consulting. Online uncommitted athttp//www.coleyconsulting.co.uk/failure.htm Accessed 18 October 2011. Calvert Investment Distributors, I., n.d. Calvert Investments. Online Available at http//www.calvert.com/NRC/Literature/Documents/TL10036.pdf Accessed 20 October 2011. Isaca, 2003. ISACA. Online Available at http//www.isaca.org/Knowledge-Center/Standards/Pages/IS-Auditing-Procedure-P6-Firewalls1.aspx Accessed 22 October 2011. Orfano, F., 2009. Feministy.org. Online Available at http//www.feministy.org/business-management/re-starting-a-terminated-project Accessed 22 October 2011. Szabelski, T., n.d. advance(a) Project Management. Online Available at bpr-project.eu/./project_management_by_tomasz szabelski.pdf Accessed 21 October 2011. Wideman, Robert Max Bing, John A. Neal, Gerald, 2000. Maxs Project Management Wisdom. Online Available at http//www.maxwideman.com/papers/principles/principles.htm Accessed 16 Oct ober 2011. Wideman, R.M., 1991. Maxs Project Managenent Wisdom. Online Available at http//www.maxwideman.com/papers/questions/answers.htm Accessed 18 October 2011.

Ebola Internet Scavenger Hunt Essay

Then click on the menu button Ebola Hemorragic pyrexia Distribution Map Where do most of the Ebola eructations seem to occur? close seem to occur in the Congo and Uganda.Now go suffer to the inaugural page and click on entropyrmation on Ebola haemorrhagic fever Read by dint of this fact sheet. What did you find interesting close to Ebola? I found it interesting that Ebola has no carrier stat and because of the natural reference of the virus is unknown, the manner in which it first appears in a forgiving at the start of an outbreak has not been determinedOn the first page again, click on the menu Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers in the For Travelers section. What argon some of the modes of transmission that are discussed? Some modes of transportation areOn the first page again, click on the menu memoir of Ebola Outbreaks in Outbreak notices. Where and when were the most recent outbreaks? The most recent outbreak was in Uganda in May of 2011. How many people were affected? 1 person was affected.On the first page again, click on Info for Airline Personnel in the Prevention Information section. Read through this. What is the potential for airline workers, TSA screeners and passengers? It has the potential for person to person spread. Transmissions to humans may occur through direct contact with blood or luggage compartment fluids. We are all familiar with the TSA pat down and screening procedures. It has been inform that TSA screeners do not often change gloves between pat downs unless the passenger specifically requests them to do so.What is the threat to passengers if screeners do not use good enough sanitary practices when screening passengers and luggage? What about early(a) diseases like smallpox, MRSA, influenza, birdwatch flu, and other deadly and potentially viruses and diseases? The threat to passengers to is very high and at a greater risk as well as other diseases. It best to ask the TSA screeners to obtain new gloves and wash hands when unive rse screened. They should be switched from person to person but that does not happed everytime.

How Economics Have Changed My Life Essay

They say that if you look at it things closely, you will see the essence of economic science going about its chance(a) routine. Indeed, from the man buying his morning cocoa to the woman calling for a cab, the economic carcass is all some us. Not many people nonice it (or be just unbiased about it). But surely, its e rattlingwhere. Day and night it never marks. The morsel the sun sets in single part of the adult male, m maveny starts circulating on the opposite side. The buying and selling of goods begins. Services instantaneously continue with their transactions and processes.And infrastructure construction resumes. Truly, depending on how one views his or her receive surroundings, one will be fit to see the active temperament of political economy. political scrimping, in the simplest sense, refers to the sphere of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. As a field of think, economics aims to comprehend the daily processes of the s ubjects mentioned. As much(prenominal), the study of economics helps people insure the never ending activity of economics inwardly their daily lives. apart(predicate) from the study of the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, probably one of the most beta aspects of economics is the study or analysis of scarcity. Scarcity, in the economic sense, doer the availability (or unavailability) of resources (insufficient) that are used to satisfy the needs and wants of the populace. As what the former(a) Lionel Robbins a British Economist of the late 20th century had claimed, Economics is the Science which studies piece behavior as a relationship amongst ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.Using Robbins definition, it rotter be deduced that the study of economics is the study of mans choices over how to replete his needs and wants through the regulation and use of scarce natural resources. In its activities, economics attempts to need fu ll use of scarce resources efficiently. This nature of skill helps the adherents of economics and in the gen eonl sense, the entire world to extrapolate the world approximately them. Simply said, it helps the person who is familiar with economics translate how or why a authoritative products price goes up or down.Likewise, a person who thinks the study of economics will be able to determine the economic health of his or her own earth thus, paving the way to understanding and interpreting some possible implications to the governance of the nation, its society and its environment. Truly, people who understand economics are people who understand how the world works (at least in terms of human resources and human activity). Let us care, for example, the Stock hand. How does a stock price go up? Why does it go down? How do people expediency from it?Oppositely, how do people lose funds from it? Economically speaking, the Stock Market is or can be used as a causal factor f or the res publicas economic growth and development. As such, people who understand the Stock Market will be able to understand the substance economy of the country. However, before everything else, one must first off understand the study of economics before one can understand the workings of the Stock Market. This statement only highlights the importance of economics in our daily lives. Personally, my study of economics has helped me advance my life in many ways.For starters, it has helped me understand the law of supply and ask. The law of supply and demand is undoubtedly one of the strongest lay downations of every economy in every country in the world. As the law dictates, the higher the demand, the higher the supply and consequently, the higher the supply, the lower the demand becomes. Basically, the law follows a simple cycle of product prices fluctuating in response to the populace needs and wants. Understanding this law benefits me in more(prenominal)(prenominal) wa ys than one. For instance, I am able to anticipate whether a certain(a) products price will go up or down.By understanding that higher demand tempts sellers to increase their prices, I am able to expect such fluctuations and then make my monthly budgeting more versatile and frugal. Likewise, I am able to anticipate whether a certain products price might go down collect to excessive supply and low demand. In that way, I am able to make certain changes in my spending habits by carefully predicting the unspoiled time prices will go down thus, maximizing my available purchasing power. Indeed, k right offledge about the Law of Supply and Demand can make an individual more frugal and less prodigal simply said, it makes a person more economic.This companionship may seem to be irrelevant for some people. But personally, I find this knowledge an gain against others. Being able to h out of date a secernate of reading germ for possible future circumstances pertaining to product prices can truly function as an edge over other consumers. And this advantage does not stop there. The more a person studies the field of economics, the more he or she will understand the whole caboodle of the economy and ultimately use it to his or her own advantage. Let us take, for example, the Banking System.In the past, I found the system of banks and their proceedings to be an intricate process that is too much for the fair person to understand and take advantage of. After understanding the basal foundations of economics, however, I was able to somehow comprehend the normal workings of the Bank. By universe able to do so, I am able to take advantage of the Banks perceived benefits without ironically institutionalizeting myself within the economic damages of the Banks perceived detriments. Furthermore, I am able to understand the workings of borrowing and paying loans both in its deadly and beneficial aspects.Now armed with this knowledge, I am now able to perform financially competent within the economy of the country. I am able establish clientelees with the help of the bank of which, technically, results to the creation of jobs, the stimulant drug of buying and selling of products and materials and the circulation of money all done accordingly in contribution to the aggregate economy of the nation. The study of economics, as some historians and economists suggest, has been around since the time humans first initiated commercial relationships with different societies within their own kind.Indeed, human started out with some simple trade rules and processes. The most known of all (and probably the most ancient) was the trade process known as barter. Barter is simply an act of exchanging ones goods in trade for anothers. Many traders and/or merchants from different societies have used this mode for centuries trading valuable goods in exchange for the exotic, the priceless for the unique and the old for the new. It is through this type of trading p rocess that humankind first real a sense of importance for this activity of buying and selling of goods.For one thing, security and trust was a problem. A stagger of traders mostly rest about the quality (and sometimes the quantity) of their goods. Some even resort to trivial thievery and conning activities mostly after the trade has been conducted. Furthermore, people faced problems with regards to the implications of their activities. infer a situation in the past where we assume that a Chinese trader decides to bring Jadestones to India. The traders of India are delighted. They then exchange their goods.The next week, the Indian traders demand to the Chinese traders to bring more Jadestones for the people of India somehow found it both exquisite and valuable. Since trade was done merely through barter, Jadestones poured into the quaint Indian Society in exchange for more substantial goods such as rice, wood and other agricultural or mineral products of lesser value. The e nd result would be a disaster Jadestones overwhelming the country without any way of determining its value to other abroad traders whom they entreat to sell it to or who wish to acquire it.If the study of economics was popular back then, this situation could have never happened. Speaking of commerce, history suggests that humankind eventually evolved from barter to the use of currencies through the development of ancient coins. Initially, currencies where first developed through the creation of small metal coins that were used to bet stored values of cargo and commodities. Eventually, these coins began storing value themselves. Coins made from many different kinds of materials ranging from speak out metal to solid gold started becoming valuable.Thus, came a different era where trading no longer requires the loss of ones goods in exchange for another. Coins of different kinds were now used to determine the value of the goods that were being taken or in the economic sense, sol d. Purchases and exchanges were now done in accordance with the value of the coins being exchanged. For instance, gold coins were used for large purchases and the mountain of State activities. Silver coins represented large transactions between traders and merchants charm copper coins represented common transactions between citizens.Eventually, the era of coins was put to an end when the introduction of paper money and credit money began in as early as the 7th century in superannuated China. Being that major traders were now trading in huge volumes whilst delivery and using large kernels of coins during their trips in order to conduct their proceedings and processes, the cargo of their carriages became intolerable. Thus, ancient traders and merchants resorted to putting their name and the amount of coins they had on paper indicating to their counterparts and colleagues that that were the amount of coins they had (which, unfortunately, they cannot bring).It was less burdening for merchants and traders as well. In fact, the Ancient Chinese Emperors found it so cheery that they began establishing the act (the putting the amount on paper) as a business norm. Paper money was then regulated among the populace and among traders and merchants overseas. The rest, as they say, was history. Governments, Empires and Monarchies alike began issuing a unit of currency for their paper money and no sooner, the era of currency trading began and at present, major international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and others now regulates the entire foreign exchange system of the world.All of these were made possible through the study of economics. And for that, I can safely say that economics have already made an impact on my life even before I was born. I can only imagine what life would be if currencies were not yet introduced in the world of business. Purchasing products would probably be a hardy task. Obtaining resources from other countries would a lso require intricate processes and mechanics. Ultimately, governments would probably find it hard to conduct businesses, regulate the economy and build infrastructures.The study of economics has helped me understand all these concepts and contexts (even though only in a tokenish level). Indeed, though the existence of these ancient currencies may have been one of the earlier foundations of the development of the study of economics, it cannot be denied that it was the study of economics which made the nature of these currencies become more comprehensible. The creation of paper money and credit money has benefited humankind in many ways. First of all, people are now able to carry with huge amounts of money with as little clog as possible.Second, the value and goods can now be easily ascertain (coupled with the law of supply and demand). Finally, business transactions and salary payment can now be easily conducted. All these benefits have undoubtedly manifested themselves mostly f rom the study of economics. The study of economics have helped me changed my life in more ways than one. Apart from making my life a lot easier (as compared to the absence seizure of the knowledge of it), it has also made me change my view of a lot of things. Studying economics has made me understand how the countrys economy runs.It helped me understand how banks and other financial institutions work. Furthermore, it has also helped me understand the daily workings of everyday life from the buying and selling of goods to the acquiring and paying of debts. As such, I am able to see things in a more economic view. And indeed, it has made my life more fascinating, if not complex. Learning economics is not an easy task. Economics, in general, covers a lot of topics and sub-topics ranging from microeconomics to macroeconomics.As such, it is important for its recipients to devote as much time as possible in order to not necessarily master but be fit about it. For one thing, economics is not a walk in the park. With all its benefits and privileges comes a different set of detriments and sacrifices. I am not implying, though, that those who do master all the concepts and contexts of economics will be the ones wholl much lead better lives than others that is a different issue.I am implying, however, that those who do master economics in all its wonders and intricacies will lead very different lives as compared to those who are completely ignorant or so-so(p) to the knowledge. As said before, economics is all around us. It never sleeps. Its processes and activities are present in every society, in every community. It is a sort of quasi-invisible force that, if viewed consciously, would guide our everyday lives. As such, it is important to note that having the knowledge of economics is better than having none.

Malansang Isda by Rosalinda Olsen Essay

Ang Hindi nagmamahal sa sariling wika ay masahol pa sa malansang isda is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the virtu eachy often quoted of Rizals writings. Why, then, did he write his two novels, Noli me tangere and El Filibusterismo in Spanish? In his dedication of theNoli me Tangere, Rizal wrote, I will strive to manifold thy condition faithfully, with reveal discriminations. Surely, the internal hero of the Filipinos was non somebody who said one thing and did the opposite. some(prenominal) novels portrayed the social and political conditions of the time through characters that delineated a cross section of Philippine societythe natives who were called the Indios, the Peninsuslares or the Spanish who were natural in Spain, and the Philippine or the Spanish who were born in the Philippine Islandsimmortalized in the characters of Crisostomo Ibarra and his beloved Maria Clara, Elizas, Padre Damaso, Dona Victorina, and the sinister Padre Salvi. These characters represented the ideal and the despicable, the funny and the tragic, the truly comic and the merely ridiculous.There was decent in the novel to satisfy the Filipinos appetite for a good gag and a love fablethe more sentimental, the betterserving as a thin layer to hide the bitter satire. It substructure be said that Rizals two novels awoke the slumbering political passion of his countrymen so successfully that it quickened the birth of the Philippine Revolution. If this were Rizals aim, which most decidedly was not, he would fool write the novels in Tagalog. non only would this gravel been under(a)standable to most people in Luzon, it would put one across hidden the revolutionary intent from the Spanish.As it was, the novels had to be distri besidesed in secret among the Indios because the Spanish authorities banned those books. Which leads to the gesture of whom his target audience was in, order to answer the first question of why he wrote the Noli me tangere and theEl Filibusterismo in the phraseology of the Spanish colonizers. So much has been written about Rizals extreme reluctance for revolution as the consequence to the social cancer that was destroying his country, in contrast to his passionate advocacy of reading and political reform.Evidently, the Spanish colonizers were Rizals primary target audience, hence, he wrote in their manner of speaking. The Indio could accommodate been a secondary target audience, perhaps in the want that the ilustrados would fight for the socio-political reforms that were clearly indicated in the novels. There was no need to reproduce the social conditions of the time to the Indio who knew it only too well and constantly suffered from it. Rizal wrote the novels in Spanish because that was the appropriate language for his intent.Language is basically a tool, a means to express ideas and to communicate these, exclusively before being a tool, language is first a reflection of ones objective lens reality. Language is a sy mbol that represents the corporal objects in ones environment. If an object does not exist in ones material universe, one would have no word for it. For example, a person in search of gold in a certain area competency show the natives a gold piece and ask what the natives call that surface and where he could mention it.If at that place is no word for gold among the natives, it both means there is no gold in the area or the natives have not seen or heard of that metal before. When Rizal wrote the famous lines Ang hindi nagmamahal sa sariling wika ay masahol pa sa malansang isda, he was not referring to language merely as a communication tool except as an expression of ones identity, of ones individual and social consciousness. In the novels, Dona Victorina represents the type of Filipino who rejects her identity as Indio and who would do everything to deny it in every form, especially in mannerism and language.More than a hundred years have passed since Rizal wrote his two nov els exactly the social and eco-political structures remain basically the same. Only the notion class has been changed, Filipinos have replaced the colonial masters. At the tip of an inverted profit is the very small minority of the power class that consists of the affluent and the Catholic hierarchy. At the top of this pyramid is about 80% of the population that have been assessed by the World Bank-IMF as living below poverty level. surrounded by these two main groups is the middle class that shows no sign of increase in number.Only a miracle would keep this unnatural pyramid from toppling over, but that belongs to another article. Undoubtedly, Pilipino (supposedly the expanded and enriched form of Tagalog) is not the language of the power class. almost of them speak slope and some prefer to speak Spanish. The masses can read and speak Pilipino, as it is a required subject in school, but relegates are, they speak their cradle tongue among themselves and most of the time, whic h would be each of the major languages and the numerous dialects.The language of the middle class is an odd mixed bag of English, Pilipino, and their radle tongue. Since language is a reflection of ones identity, could we then regularise that the Filipinos have one national identity? Without a common identity, there could be no real sense of nationhood. This is what Rizal meant by that famous address that is often quoted but only the surface level. Pilipino is the national language but the preferred running(a) language of government, business, and education as well as the mass media remains English. There would be nothing amiss with this if it were not for the great majority of the population whose knowledge of English is not functional.It is not surprising that government can get away shamelessly with transfer and corruption because the masses have little actualizeing of what is going on. Clearly, language in Philippine contemporary society is the one big border that divide s the powerful from the masses of poor people, notwithstanding all the calls for people empowerment. whiz would think that the entertainment industry, specifically the movies and the television, faculty be a vehicle for uniting the people because the movies are still affordable and one could ever go to the neighbors to watch television.Just receive a quick look at the commercials most of them are in English. Noontime and eve variety shows are probably the worst because the language utilize by the hosts and participants reflects the jargon of the lost tribe aka Manila people, which is a horrible porridge of English and Pilipino with an even more horrendous lack of grammar or logical syntax. So much for the local role regularityls, lets take a look at the school system. According to a DECS ruling, Pilipino should be the mode of classroom instruction.So far, this has worked, in some fashion, in the elementary grades and to a lesser extent, in the secondary and the tertiary leve ls. Textbooks in Pilipino have been publish and used in the schools, but all the references remain English. In fact, teachers find it impossible to use Pilipino in teaching mathematics, algebra, chemistry, or physics, philosophy, etc. Not surprisingly, the pupil is subjected to a kind of mental lobotomy and eventually their psyche is truncated, amputated, or dichotomised.Brave souls who perhaps wanted to make a contrariety in the academe, have attempted to write their under graduate or graduate thesis in Pilipino. Some succeeded, but one cant help wondering if their theses would ever be taken down from the subroutine library shelves to be read and enjoyed. Few would have the courage to admit that they would rather read Rizals novels in English, not just because it would be easier for them but because the Pilipino translations are so antiquated that one would read it only under duress, which is to say, only because the school requires it.The Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia got their independence from their colonial masters at about the same time. All three countries created a national language that would be the expression of the national soul and, thus, be a unifying element. Sadly, Pilipino has not succeeded in being the language of the government and the governed, in contrast to how Indonesia and Malaysia has used their respective national languages. Indonesia does not use Dutch as the language of government, education and commerce.Neither do the Malaysians use English as their working language. An anecdote would illustrate this. A friend was on holiday in Kuala Lumpur. One day, she took a cab and, naturally, spoke to the taxi driver in English. In polite but cold tones, the driver asked her, Madam, why do you talk in English? We are all Malaysians. Nonplussed, she said she was Filipino and the taxi driver apologized and explained that she looked Malaysian.It might be an excellent thing for Philippine politicians to have experienced this, but then again, they would be more likely to hire a limousine (at Filipino taxpayers expense, of course) and lose the chance of being told to speak the national language by a small(a) taxi driver. Is the Filipino then a malansang isda? Using the isda analogy, the Filipino might well be like a fish out of water, in the sense that Filipinos are supposed to be living in one countrythe big seathat has become an alien territory to citizens whose ties have remained regional or tribal rather than national.A fish out of its natural habitat would quickly die and stink. Rizal did not have all the answers to Philippine problems, but he has practically said it all. For the young, he tranquil folk stories and legends. For the more mature, he wrote the novels, Noli me tangereand El Filibusterismo, the two long essays The acedia of the Filipino and The Philippines a Century Hence as well as poetry and countless articles. Jose Rizal is the national hero and his portrait is in the utmost denomination of Philippine paper money.Every Filipino knows Rizal, but do they understand him? Those who have read his novels remember only the love story of Ibarra and Maria Clara, the antics of Dona Victorina, and the pathetic Sisa. High School and college graduates are obliged to take the Rizal course as a requirement for graduation, but how many of them understand the two long essays relative to what is happening in the Philippines today, if they read it at all? Rizal has been iconized and even idolized by a sect that calls themselves Rizalistas, but the Filipino has yet to realize and actualise his relevance.